Antioxidative Properties of Chinese Artichoke (Stachys sieboldii Miq) added White Bread

The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary information for the utilization extension of Chinese artichoke(Stachys sieboldii Miq) as a functional food material. The effects of the addition of Chinese artichoke powder(0, 3, 6, 9, and 12%) in white bread formulation on phenolics content and antioxidant properties, and sensory analysis(seven-point hedonic test) were examined. The contents of total polyphenols(TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and tannins(TTC) in Chinese artichoke powder were $139.09{\pm}1.97mg\;GAE/g\;dw$, $74.33{\pm}2.69mg\;QE/g\;dw$, and $40.41{\pm}2.54 mg\;TAE/g\;dw$, respectively. As the amount of Chinese artichoke powder increased, the phenolics contents also significantly increased(p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001 on TPC, TFC, and TTC, respectively), the highest TPC($104.27{\pm}0.13mg\;GAE/g\;dw$), TFC($71.03{\pm}1.75mg\;QE/g\;dw$), and TTC($8.76{\pm}0.12mg\;TAE/g\;dw$) were achieved in the white bread having the highest percentage of Chinese artichoke powder(12%). The $IC_{50}$ values of Chinese artichoke extract for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS) radical scavenging activities were 1.42 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL, respectively. Scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS radicals of white bread were significantly increased according to the levels of added Chinese artichoke powder(p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). In the acceptance test, the white bread containing 9% Chinese artichoke powder was ranked significantly higher than the other groups according to all sensory parameters such as appearance, flavor, taste, texture, and the overall acceptability. Overall, Chinese artichoke enhanced white bread could be developed as an antioxidant-enriched bread with good sensorial properties.

초석잠 첨가 식빵의 항산화 활성

본 연구는 초석잠을 기능성 소재로서 식품 개발에 이용을 확대하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 초석잠 분말의 첨가량을 0, 3, 6, 9, 12%로 달리하여 식빵을 제조하고, 페놀성 화합물의 함량과 항산화 활성을 분석하고 기호도 검사를 실시하였다. 초석잠 분말의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 및 총 탄닌의 함량은 각각 $139.09{\pm}1.97mg\;GAE/g\;dw$, $74.33{\pm}2.69mg\;QE/g\;dw$, $40.41{\pm}2.54mg\;TAE/g\;dw$로 분석되었다. 초석잠 분말의 첨가량이 많아질수록 식빵의 페놀성 화합물 함량은 유의적으로 증가하여 초석잠 분말을 12% 첨가한 식빵의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드과 총 탄닌의 함량은 각각 $104.27{\pm}0.13mg\;GAE/g\;dw$, $71.03{\pm}1.75mg\;QE/g\;dw$와 $8.76{\pm}0.12mg\;TAE/g\;dw$이었다(각각 p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). 초석잠 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼과 ABTS 라디칼 소거능의 $IC_{50}$은 각각 1.42 mg/mL와 1.57 mg/mL로 분석되었으며, 초석잠 분말의 첨가량이 많아질수록 식빵의 항산화 활성은 유의적으로 높아졌다(각각 p<0.001과 p<0.001). 초석잠 분말을 9% 첨가한 식빵은 외관, 향미, 맛, 질감 및 전반적인 기호도가 가장 높게 평가되어 소비자의 기호도를 충족시키면서 항산화 활성을 지닌 기능성 식빵의 제조에 적합한 것으로 생각된다.