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http://dx.doi.org/10.12672/ksis.2012.20.1.081

A Study on Spatial Statistical Perspective for Analyzing Spatial Phenomena in the Framework of GIS: an Empirical Example using Spatial Scan Statistic for Detecting Spatial Clusters of Breast Cancer Incidents  

Lee, Gyoung-Ju (Dept. of Urban Engineering, Chungju National University)
Kweon, Ihl (Dept. of Urban Engineering, Chungju National University)
Publication Information
Spatial Information Research / v.20, no.1, 2012 , pp. 81-90 More about this Journal
Abstract
When analyzing geographical phenomena, two properties need to be considered. One is the spatial dependence structure and the other is a variation or an uncertainty inhibited in a geographic space. Two problems are encountered due to the properties. Firstly, spatial dependence structure, which is conceptualized as spatial autocorrelation, generates heterogeneous geographic landscape in a spatial process. Secondly, generic statistics, although suitable for dealing with stochastic uncertainty, tacitly ignores location information im plicit in spatial data. GIS is a versatile tool for manipulating locational information, while spatial statistics are suitable for investigating spatial uncertainty. Therefore, integrating spatial statistics to GIS is considered as a plausible strategy for appropriately understanding geographic phenomena of interest. Geographic hot-spot analysis is a key tool for identifying abnormal locations in many domains (e.g., criminology, epidemiology, etc.) and is one of the most prominent applications by utilizing the integration strategy. The article aims at reviewing spatial statistical perspective for analyzing spatial processes in the framework of GIS by carrying out empirical analysis. Illustrated is the analysis procedure of using spatial scan statistic for detecting clusters in the framework of GIS. The empirical analysis targets for identifying spatial clusters of breast cancer incidents in Erie and Niagara counties, New York.
Keywords
GIS; Spatial Statistics; Geographic Hot-Spot; Spatial Scan Statistic;
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