Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.S.525

Is Nonstandard Employment Hazardous to Workers' Health Status? A Focus on Special Employment in South Korea  

Park, Bohyun (Department of Nursing, Changwon National University)
Elizabeth, Tarlov (College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital)
Park, Chang Gi (College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago)
Publication Information
Research in Community and Public Health Nursing / v.31, no.spc, 2020 , pp. 525-533 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Workers in special employment relationship (WSERs) are workers in nonstandard employment arrangements who lack worker protection accorded in standard employment arrangements. This study aimed to describe self-rated health (SRH) and depressive symptoms (DS) among Korean WSERs in comparison to regular wage workers (RWW) and identify associations between working conditions and those outcomes. Methods: In this study, secondary data analysis using the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey was used. The sample totaled 29,120, including 1,538 WSERs and 27,564 RWWs. Sociodemographic and work-related characteristics were employed as explanatory variables and SRH and DS as dependent variables. Using multiple logistic regression, the determinants of fair/poor SRH and DS were identified. Results: The prevalence rates for fair/poor SRH and DS in WSERs were 25.2% and 28.3%, respectively, and 20.7% and 25.0% in RWWs, respectively. Compared to RWWs, WSERs had 31% (aOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.14~1.49) and 20% (aOR=1.20, 95% CI=1.06~1.36) higher odds of SRH and DS, respectively. Some factors, such as a lack of rest guarantee and sickness presenteeism, had a larger influence in the WSER than in the RWW group. Conclusion: Compared to RWWs, WSERs reported having poorer working conditions and were more likely to report poor general and mental health. Therefore, in Korea, public health policymakers should consider measures to protect the working conditions and health of WSERs, a growing segment of the working population. The study produced new epidemiological evidence regarding the relationships between employment arrangements and health.
Keywords
Health status disparities; Employment; Social determinants of health, Korea, Occupational health;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Park B, Jo Y, Oh S. Health problems and coping of workers under special employment relationships: Home-visit tutors, in-surance salespersons, and credit card recruiters. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 2019;28(4):208-220. https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2019.28.4.208   DOI
2 Shin S, Byeon SH. The analysis of risk exposure and ill health symptom by difference depending on the special type of employment. Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2018;28(3):319-329. https://doi.org/10.15269/JKSOEH.2018.28.3.319   DOI
3 Cho Y. A review on article 125 of the industrial accident compensation insurance act - Focusing on precedents and legislation bills. Social Security Law Review. 2016;5(2):237-278.
4 Park C, Whang D, Kim K. Job types diversification trend and Industrial Insurance, Policy Report. Sejong: Korea Labor Institute; 2016 December. Report No.: 2016-04.
5 Bailis DS, Segall A, Chipperfield JG. Two views of self-rated general health status. Social Science of Medicine. 2003;56(2): 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00020-5   DOI
6 Van Aerden K, Gadeyne S, Vanroelen C. Is any job better than no job at all? Studying the relations between employment types, unemployment and subjective health in Belgium. Archives of Public Health. 2017;75(1):55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-017-0225-5   DOI
7 Jylha M. What is self-rated health and why does it predict mortality? Towards a unified conceptual model. Social Science of Medicine. 2009;69(3):307-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.013   DOI
8 DeSalvo KB, Bloser N, Reynolds K, He J, Muntner P. Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question. A meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2006;21(3): 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x   DOI
9 Van Aerden K, Puig-Barrachina V, Bosmans K, Vanroelen C. How does employment quality relate to health and job satisfaction in Europe? A typological approach. Social Science & Medicine. 2016;158:132-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.017   DOI
10 Cho SS, Paek D, Kang MY. Influence of combined exposure to perceived risk at work and unstable employment on self-rated health: A comparison of two cross-sectional surveys in Europe and Korea. BMJ Open. 2020;10(1):e032380. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032380   DOI
11 Krieger T, Zimmermann J, Huffziger S, Ubl B, Diener C, Kuehner C, et al. Measuring depression with a well-being index: Further evidence for the validity of the WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5) as a measure of the severity of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;156(1):240-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.015   DOI
12 Kim T, von dem Knesebeck O. Perceived job insecurity, unemployment and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and metaanalysis of prospective observational studies. International Archives of Occupational Environmental Health. 2016;89:561-573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1107-1   DOI
13 Virtanen M, Jokela M, Madsen IE, Magnusson Hanson LL, Lallukka T, Nyberg ST, et al. Long working hours and depressive symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 2018; 44(3):239-250. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3712   DOI
14 WHO. Mastering depression in primary care / the depcare project [Internet]. Stockholm, Sweden: World Health Organization regional office for Europe; 1998. [cited 2019 July 31] Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/130750/E60246.pdf
15 Kim JY, Lee J, Muntaner C, Kim SS. Who is working while sick? Nonstandard employment and its association with absenteeism and presenteeism in South Korea. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2016;89(7):1095-1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1146-2   DOI
16 Kwon K, Park J, Lee K, Cho Y. Association between employment status and self-rated health: Korean working conditions survey. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2016;28(1):43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0126-z   DOI
17 Emerson E, Hattona C, Robertsona J, Baines S. The association between non-standard employment, job insecurity and health among British adults with and without intellectual impairments: Cohort study. SSM - Population Health. 2018;4:197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.02.003   DOI
18 Euwals R, Hogerbrugge M. Explaining the growth of part-time employment: Factors of supply and demand. In Labour. 2006;20 (3):533-557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2006.00352.x   DOI
19 International Labour Organization. Non-standard employment around the world. Understanding challenges, shaping prospects [Internet]. Geneva, Swiss: International Labor Office; 2016 November. [Cited 2019 December 1]. Available from: http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_534326/lang--en/index.htm Accessed 31 July 2019
20 Yoon A. A critical review on the application of the industrial accident compensation insurance act for independent workers. Labor Law Review. 2012;33:47-91.
21 Canivet C, Bodin T, Emmelin M, Toivanen S, Moghaddassi M, Ostergren PO. Precarious employment is a risk factor for poor mental health in young individuals in Sweden: A cohort study with multiple follow-ups. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:687. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3358-5   DOI
22 Julia M, Belvis F, Vives A, Tarafa G, Benach J. Informal employees in the European Union: Working conditions, employment precariousness and health. Journal of Public Health (Oxf). 2018;41(2):e141-e151. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy111   DOI
23 Skagen K, Collin AM. Consequences of sickness presenteeism on health and wellbeing over time: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine. 2016;161:169-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.005   DOI
24 Jeon SH, Leem JH, Park SG, Heo YS, Lee BJ, Moon SH, et al. Association among working hours, occupational stress, and presenteeism among wage workers: Results from the second Korean Working Conditions Survey. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2014;26(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-6   DOI
25 Bak S. South Koreans work second-longest hours in OECD for below average pay. The Korea Herald. 2017 Aug 17.
26 Virtanen M, Kivimaki M, Joensuu M, Virtanen P, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Temporary employment and health: A review. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2005;34(3):610-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi024   DOI
27 Korean Statistical Information System. Number and percentage of wage workers by gender/employment type [Internet]. Daejeon: Korean Statistical Information System. 2019 [cited 2020 January 04]. Available from: http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?menuId=M_01_01&vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&parmTabId=M_01_01#SelectStatsBoxDiv
28 Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Ferrie JE. Temporary employment and risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003;158(7):663-668. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg185   DOI
29 Ronnblad T, Gronholm E, Jonsson J, Koranyi I, Orellana C, Kreshpaj B, et al. Precarious employment and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 2019;45(5): 429-443 https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3797   DOI
30 Lee H. The industrial accident compensation insurance act - Focusing on the improvement of law & institutions on "Economically Dependent Worker". Korean Journal of Labor Studies. 2015;21(1):257-303.   DOI