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http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2017.32.11.27

Interactions between the voracious heterotrophic nanoflagellate Katablepharis japonica and common heterotrophic protists  

Kim, So Jin (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University)
Jeong, Hae Jin (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University)
Jang, Se Hyeon (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University)
Lee, Sung Yeon (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University)
Park, Tae Gyu (Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Publication Information
ALGAE / v.32, no.4, 2017 , pp. 309-324 More about this Journal
Abstract
Recently, the heterotrophic nanoflagellate Katablepharis japonica has been reported to feed on diverse red-tide species and contribute to the decline of red tides. However, if there are effective predators feeding on K. japonica, its effect on red tide dynamics may be reduced. To investigate potential effective protist predators of K. japonica, feeding by the engulfment-feeding heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HTDs) Oxyrrhis marina, Gyrodinium dominans, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Polykrikos kofoidii, and Noctiluca scintillans, the peduncle-feeding HTDs Luciella masanensis and Pfiesteria piscicida, the pallium-feeding HTD Oblea rotunda, and the naked ciliates Strombidium sp. (approximately $20{\mu}m$ in cell length), Pelagostrobilidium sp., and Miamiensis sp. on K. japonica was explored. We found that none of these heterotrophic protists fed on actively swimming cells of K. japonica. However, O. marina, G. dominans, L. masanensis, and P. piscicida were able to feed on heat-killed K. japonica. Thus, actively swimming behavior of K. japonica may affect feeding by these heterotrophic protists on K. japonica. To the contrary, K. japonica was able to feed on O. marina, P. kofoidii, O. rotunda, Miamiensis sp., Pelagostrobilidium sp., and Strombidium sp. However, the specific growth rates of O. marina did not differ significantly among nine different K. japonica concentrations. Thus, K. japonica may not affect growth of O. marina. Our findings suggest that the effect of predation by heterotrophic protists on K. japonica might be negligible, and thus, the effect of grazing by K. japonica on populations of red-tide species may not be reduced by mortality due to predation by protists.
Keywords
ciliate; dinoflagellate; harmful algal bloom; protist; red tide;
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