Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2015.30.4.265

Thorea indica sp. nov. (Thoreales, Rhodophyta) from Uttar Pradesh, India  

Necchi, Orlando Jr (Department of Zoologia e Botanica, UNESP-Campus de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Rua Cristovao Colombo)
Paiano, Monica O. (Department of Zoologia e Botanica, UNESP-Campus de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Rua Cristovao Colombo)
West, John A. (School of Biosciences 2, University of Melbourne)
Ganesan, E. K. (Instituto Oceanografico, Universidad de Oriente)
Goer, Susan Loiseaux-de (11 Rue des Moguerou)
Publication Information
ALGAE / v.30, no.4, 2015 , pp. 265-274 More about this Journal
Abstract
Thorea indica sp. nov. is described from the Sai River, Uttar Pradesh, India (26°39′00.7″ N, 80°47′38.3″ E). Its classification is based on molecular sequences of the plastid-encoded RuBisCO large-subunit gene, rbcL and the barcode region of the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cox1, and morphological data. The sequence analyses confirm a new species of Thorea. The cox1 barcode sequence had 90.4-90.8% identity with Thorea sp. from Australia and Thorea hispida from Hawaii and China. Based on rbcL sequences the Indian specimen was positioned in a major clade with high support (>95 bootstrap and 0.95 posterior probability) containing two other species: T. okadae from Japan and T. hispida from the continental USA, Hawaii, the UK, and China. The divergences among these sequences were T. indica vs. T. okadae (2.8%) and T. indica vs. T. hispida (2.9-3.4%). The comparison of morphological characters of Thorea from India was not conclusive due to the inadequate descriptions in previous reports: most specimens reported as T. hispida fit within the circumscription of T. indica as described here. The previous report of T. siamensis from the Sai River is incorrect and the specimens fit within our description of T. indica. Thorea indica and T. okadae can be distinguished by minor morphometric characters and sexuality (dioecious vs. monoecious).
Keywords
cox1; India; molecular systematics; morphology; rbcL; reproduction; Thorea indica sp. nov.; Thoreales;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Müller, K. M., Sherwood, A. R., Pueschel, C. M., Gutell, R. R. & Sheath, R. G. 2002. A proposal of a new red algal order, the Thoreales. J. Phycol. 38:807-820.   DOI
2 Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Bristol, 375 pp.
3 Khan, M. 1978. On Thorea Bory (Nemalionales, Rhodophyta), a freshwater red alga new to India. Phykos 17:55-58.
4 Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Mentjies, P. & Drummond, A. 2012. Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28:1647-1649.   DOI
5 Johnston, E. T., Lim, P. -E., Buhari, N., Keil, E. J., Djawad, M. I. & Vis, M. L. 2014. Diversity of freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta) in Malaysia and Indonesia from morphological and molecular data. Phycologia 53:329-341.   DOI
6 Ji, L., Xie, S. -L., Feng, J., Chen, L. & Wang, J. 2014. Molecular systematics of four endemic Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta) species in China with multilocus data. J. Syst. Evol. 52:92-100.   DOI
7 Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Ronquist, F. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17:754-755.   DOI
8 Sheath, R. G., Vis, M. L. & Cole, K. M. 1993. Distribution and systematics of the freshwater red algal family Thoreaceae in North America. Eur. J. Phycol. 28:231-241.   DOI
9 Sheath, R. G. & Hambrook, J. A. 1990. Freshwater ecology. In Cole, K. M. & Sheath, R. G. (Eds.) Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 423-453.
10 Sheath, R. G. & Cole, K. M. 1990. Differential alcian blue staining in freshwater Rhodophyta. Br. Phycol. J. 25:281-285.   DOI
11 Scott, F. J., Saunders, G. W. & Kraft, G. T. 2013. Entwisleia bella, gen. et sp. nov., a novel marine ‘batrachospermaceous’ red alga from southeastern Tasmania representing a new family and order in the Nemaliophycidae. Eur. J. Phycol. 48:398-410.   DOI
12 Saunders, G. W. & Moore, T. E. 2013. Refinements for the amplification and sequencing of red algal DNA barcode and RedToL phylogenetic markers: a summary of current primers, profiles and strategies. Algae 28:31-43.   DOI
13 Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P. D. N. 2007. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System. Mol. Ecol. Notes 7:355-364.   DOI
14 Nelson, W. A., Brodie, J. & Guiry, M. D. 1999. Terminology used to describe reproduction and life history stages in the genus Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). J. Appl. Phycol. 11:407-410.   DOI
15 Necchi, O. Jr. & Zucchi, M. R. 1997. Taxonomy and distribution of Thorea (Thoreaceae, Rhodophyta) in Brazil. Algol. Stud. 84:83-90.
16 Necchi, O. Jr., Vis, M. L. & Oliveira, M. C. 2010b. Phylogenetic relationships in Kumanoa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) species in Brazil with the proposal of Kumanoa amazonensis sp. nov. Phycologia 49:97-103.   DOI
17 Simić, S. B., Đorđević, N. B. & Vasiljević, B. M. 2014. New record of red alga Thorea hispida (Thore) Desvaux (Rhodophyta) in the River Sava (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia). Water Res. Manag. 4:47-51.
18 Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. 2012. RAxMLGUI: A graphical front-end for RAxML. Org. Divers. Evol. 12:335-337.   DOI
19 Xie, S. -L. & Shi, Z. -X. 2003. Thorea (Thoreaceae, Rhodophyta) in China. Acta Hydrobiol. Sin. 27:631-634.
20 Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nat. Methods 9:772.
21 Yoshizaki, M. 1986. The morphology and reproduction of Thorea okadai (Rhodophyta). Phycologia 25:476-481.   DOI
22 Vis, M. L., Saunders, G. W., Sheath, R. G., Dunse, K. & Entwisle, T. J. 1998. Phylogeny of the Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta) inferred from rbcL and 18S ribosomal DNA gene sequences. J. Phycol. 34:341-350.   DOI
23 Traichaiyaporn, S., Khuantrairong, T. & Kumano, S. 2008. Thorea siamensis sp. nov. (Thoraceae: Rhodophyta) from Thailand. Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn Univ. 8:27-33.
24 Thiers, B. 2015. Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp. Accessed Jul 20, 2015.
25 Suseela, M. & Toppo, K. 2015. Contribution to the knowledge of fresh water red algae (Rhodophyta) of India. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 94:136-140.
26 Starmach, K. 1977. Phaeophyta-Brunatnice, Rhodophyta- Krasnorosty. In Starmach, K. & Sieminska, J. (Eds.) Flora Slodkowodna Polski, Vol. 14. Polska Academia Nauk, Warsawa, pp. 1-445.
27 Singh, D. J. 1960. Occurrence of Thorea ramosissima Bory in India. Curr. Sci. 29:490.
28 Carlile, A. L. & Sherwood, A. R. 2013. Phylogenetic affinities and distribution of the Hawaiian freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta). Phycologia 52:309-319.   DOI
29 Chiasson, W. B., Sabo, N. J. & Vis, M. L. 2005. Affinities of freshwater putative chantransia stages (Rhodophyta) from molecular and morphological data. Phycologia 44:163-168.   DOI
30 Carmona, J. J. & Necchi, O. Jr. 2001. Systematics and distribution of Thorea (Thoreaceae, Rhodophyta) from central Mexico and southeastern Brazil. Phycol. Res. 49:231-239.   DOI
31 Bhatnagar, S. K. & Chaturvedi, U. K. 1987. Observation on sex organs in Thorea ramosissima Bory in India. Bangladesh J. Bot. 16:209-211.
32 Bhat, F. A., Yousuf, A. R., Aftab, A., Arshid, J., Mahdi, M. D. & Balkhi, M. H. 2011. Ecology and biodiversity in Pangong Tso (lake) and its inlet stream in Ladakh, India. Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv. 3:501-511.
33 Benson, D. A., Cavanaugh, M., Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D. J., Ostell, J. & Sayers, E. W. 2013. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 41:D36-D42.   DOI
34 Guiry, M. D. & Guiry, G. M. 2015. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: http://www.algaebase.org. Accessed Jul 20, 2015.
35 Grimstone, A. V. & Skaer, R. J. 1972. A guidebook to microscopical methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 134 pp.
36 Ganesan, E. K., West, J. A., Zuccarello, G. C., De Göer, S. L. & Rout, J. 2015. Lemanea manipurensis sp. nov. (Batrachospermales), a freshwater red algal species from North-East India. Algae 30:1-13.
37 Dhanalakshmi, K., Babu, B., Nicodemus, A., Nagarajan, B. & Baluswami, M. 2009. Thorea hispida (Thore) Desvaux emend. Sheath, Vis et Cole from Little Andaman, India. In Proc. Int. Conf. Algal Biomass Resour. Util., Krishnasamy Institute of Algology, Chennai, pp. 35-42.
38 Fuelling, L. J., Adams, J. A., Badik, K. J., Bixby, R. J., Caprette, C. L., Caprette, H. E., Chiasson, W. B., Davies, C. L., Decolibus, D. T., Glascock, K. I., Hall, M. M., Perry, W. L., Schultz, E. R., Taylor, D. A., Vis, M. L. & Verb, R. G. 2012. An unusual occurrence of Thorea hispida (Thore) Desvaux chantransia on rusty crayfish in West Central Ohio. Nova Hedwigia 94:355-366.   DOI
39 Feng, J., Chen, L., Wang, Y. & Xie, S. 2015. Molecular systematics and biogeography of Thorea (Thoreales, Rhodophyta) from Shanxi, China. Syst. Bot. 40:376-385.   DOI
40 Entwisle, T. J. & Foard, H. J. 1999. Freshwater Rhodophyta in Australia: Ptilothamnion richardsii (Ceramiales) and Thorea conturba sp. nov. (Batrachospermales). Phycologia 38:47-53.   DOI
41 Desikachary, T. V., Krishnamurthy, V. & Balakrishnan, M. S. 1990. Rhodophyta. Vol. 1. Part IIA. Madras Science Foundation, Madras, 279 pp.
42 Necchi, O. Jr., De Oliveira, M. C. & Salles, P. 2010a. Molecular systematics of Thorea (Rhodophyta, Thoreales) species in Brazil. Rev. Bras. Bot. 33:227-235.   DOI
43 Necchi, O. Jr., Branco, C. C. Z. & Branco, L. H. Z. 1999. Distribution of Rhodophyta in streams from São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Arch. Hydrobiol. 147:73-89.   DOI
44 Necchi, O. Jr. 1987. Sexual reproduction in Thorea Bory (Rhodophyta, Thoreaceae). Jpn. J. Phycol. 35:106-112.