Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2015.30.1.049

Monitoring the 2007 Florida east coast Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) red tide and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) event  

Wolny, Jennifer L. (Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, University of South Florida)
Scott, Paula S. (Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission)
Tustison, Jacob (Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission)
Brooks, Christopher R. (Division of Aquaculture, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services)
Publication Information
ALGAE / v.30, no.1, 2015 , pp. 49-58 More about this Journal
Abstract
In September 2007, reports of respiratory irritation and fish kills were received by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) from the Jacksonville, Florida area. Water samples collected in this area indicated a bloom of Karenia brevis, the dinoflagellate that produces brevetoxin, which can cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. For the next four months, K. brevis was found along approximately 400 km of coastal and Intracoastal waterways from Jacksonville to Jupiter Inlet. This event represents the longest and most extensive red tide the east coast of Florida has experienced and the first time Karenia species other than K. brevis have been reported in this area. This extensive red tide influenced commercial and recreational shellfish harvesting activities along Florida's east coast. Fourteen shellfish harvesting areas (SHAs) were monitored weekly during this event and 10 SHAs were closed for an average of 53 days due to this red tide. The length of SHA closure was dependent on the shellfish species present. Interagency cooperation in monitoring this K. brevis bloom was successful in mitigating any human health impacts. Kernel density estimation was used to create geographic extent maps to help extrapolate discreet sample data points into $5km^2$ radius values for better visualization of the bloom.
Keywords
Karenia brevis; kernel density estimation (KDE); mouse bioassay; Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP); red tide;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Dragunow, M., Trzoss, M., Brimble, M. A., Cameron, R., Beuzenberg, V., Holland, P. & Mountfort, D. 2005. Investigations into the cellular actions of the shellfish toxin gymnodimine and analogues. Environ. Toxicol. Pharm. 20:305-312.   DOI
2 Fonria, E. S., Vilarino, N., Espina, B., Louzao, M. C., Alverez, M., Molgo, J., Araoz, R. & Botana, L. M. 2010. Feasibility of gymnodimine and 13-desmethyl C spirolide detection by fluorescence polarization using a receptor-based assay in shellfish matrixes. Anal. Chim. Acta. 657:75-82.   DOI
3 Griffith, A. W., Shumway, S. E. & Volety, A. K. 2013. Bioaccumulation and depuration of brevetoxins in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and the northern quahog (= hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria). Toxicon 66:75-81.   DOI
4 Haverkamp, D., Steidinger, K. A. & Heil, C. A. 2004. HAB monitoring and databases: the Florida Karenia brevis example. In Hall, S., Etheridge, S., Anderson, D., Kleindinst, J., Zhu, M. & Zou, Y. (Eds.) Harmful Algae Management and Mitigation. APEC Publication #204-MR-04.2. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, Singapore, pp. 102-109.
5 Haywood, A. J., Steidinger, K. A., Truby, E. W., Berquist, P. R., Berquist, P. L., Adamson, J. & MacKenzie, L. 2004. Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. J. Phycol. 40:165-179.   DOI
6 Heil, C. A., Bronk, D. A., Dixon, L. K., Hitchcock, G. L., Kirkpatrick, G. J., Mulholland, M. R., O'Neil, J. M., Walsh, J. J., Weisberg, R. & Garrett, M. 2014. The Gulf of Mexico ECOHAB: Karenia Program 2006-2012. Harmful Algae 38:3-7.   DOI
7 Heil, D. C. 2009. Karenia brevis monitoring, management, and mitigation for Florida molluscan shellfish harvesting areas. Harmful Algae 8:608-610.   DOI
8 Hu, C., Muller-Karger, F. E., Taylor, C., Carder, K. L., Kelble, C., Johns, E. & Heil, C. A. 2005. Red tide detection and tracing using MODIS fluorescence data: a regional example in SW Florida coastal waters. Remote Sens. Environ. 97:311-321.   DOI
9 Kirkpatrick, B., Fleming, L. E., Squicciarini, D., Backer, L. C., Clark, R., Abraham, W., Benson, J., Cheng, Y. S., Johnson, D., Pierce, R., Zaias, J., Bossart, G. D. & Baden, D. G. 2004. Literature review of Florida red tide: implications for human health effects. Harmful Algae 3:99-115.   DOI
10 Landsberg, J. H., Hall, S., Johannessen, J. N., White, K. D., Conrad, S. M., Abbott, J. P., Flewelling, L. J., Richardson, R. W., Dickey, R. W., Jester, E. L. E., Etheridge, S. M., Deeds, J. R., van Dolah, F. M., Leighfield, T. A., Zou, Y., Beaudry, C. G., Benner, R. A., Rogers, P. L., Scott, P. S., Kawabata, K., Wolny, J. L. & Steidinger, K. A. 2006. Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source. Enivron. Health Perspect. 114:1502-1507.   DOI
11 Mooney, B. D., Nichols, P. D., de Salas, M. F. & Hallegraeff, G. M. 2007. Lipid, fatty acid, and sterol composition of eight species of Kareniaceae (Dinophyta): chemotaxonomy and putative lipid phycotoxins. J. Phycol. 43:101-111.   DOI
12 Murphy, E. B., Steidinger, K. A., Roberts, B. S., Williams, J. & Jolley, J. W. Jr. 1975. An explanation for the Florida East Coast Gymnodinium breve red tide of November 1972. Limnol. Oceangr. 20:481-486.   DOI
13 Paluszkiewicz, T., Atkinson, L. P., Posmentier, E. S. & McClain, C. R. 1983. Observations of a loop current frontal eddy intrusion onto the West Florida Shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 88:9639-9651.   DOI
14 Davis, C. C. 1948. Gymnodinium brevis sp. nov., a cause of discolored water and animal mortality in the Gulf of Mexico. Bot. Gaz. 109:358-360.   DOI
15 American Public Health Association. 1970. Recommended procedures for the examination of sea water and shellfish. 4th ed. American Public Health Association, New York, 105 pp.
16 Cannizzaro, J. P., Carder, K. L., Chen, F. R., Heil, C. A. & Vargo, G. A. 2008. A novel technique for detection of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, in the Gulf of Mexico from remotely sensed ocean color data. Cont. Shelf Res. 28:137-158.   DOI
17 Chen, Y., Yan, T., Yu, R. & Zhou, M. 2011. Toxic effects of Karenia mikimotoi extracts on mammalian cells. Chinese J. Oceanol. Limnol. 29:860-868.   DOI
18 de Salas, M. F., Bolch, C. J. S. & Hallegraeff, G. M. 2004. Karenia umbella sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate species from Tasmania, Australia. Phycologia 43:166-175.   DOI
19 Plakas, S. M., Jester, E. L. E., El Said, K. R., Granade, H. R., Abraham, A., Dickey, R. W., Scott, P. S., Flewelling, L. J., Henry, M., Blum, P. & Pierce, R. 2008. Monitoring of brevetoxins in the Karenia brevis bloom-exposed Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Toxicon 52:32-38.   DOI
20 Phlips, E. J., Badylak, S., Christman, M., Wolny, J., Brame, J., Garland, J., Hall, L., Hart, J., Landsberg, J., Lasi, M., Lockwood, J., Paperno, R., Scheidt, D., Staples, A. & Steidinger, K. 2011. Scales of temporal and spatial variability in the distribution of harmful algae species in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 10:277-290.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Plakas, S. M., Wang, Z., El Said, K. R., Jester, E. L. E., Granade, H. R., Flewelling, L., Scott, P. & Dickey, R. W. 2004. Brevetoxin metabolism and elimination in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) after controlled exposures to Karenia brevis. Toxicon 44:667-685.
22 Reich, A., Blackmore, C., Hopkins, R., Lazensky, R., Geib, K. & Ngo-Seidel, E. 2008. Illness associated with red tide - Nassau County, Florida, 2007. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 57:717-720.
23 Roberts, B. S. 1979. Occurrence of Gymnodinium breve red tides along the west and east coasts of Florida during 1976 and 1977. In Taylor, D. L. & Seliger, H. H. (Eds.) Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms. Elsevier, New York, pp. 199-202.
24 Steidinger, K. A. 1993. Some taxonomic and biologic aspects of toxic dinoflagellates. In Falconer, I. R. (Ed.) Algal Toxins in Seafood and Drinking Water. Academic Press, London, pp. 1-28.
25 Steidinger, K. A. & Baden, D. G. 1984. Toxic marine dinoflagellates. In Spector, D. L. (Ed.) Dinoflagellates. Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 201-261.
26 Tomlinson, M. C., Wynne, T. T. & Stumpf, R. P. 2009. An evaluation of remote sensing techniques for enhanced detection of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Remote Sens. Environ. 113:598-609.   DOI
27 Steidinger, K. A., Wolny, J. L. & Haywood, A. J. 2008. Identification of Kareniaceae (Dinophyceae) in the Gulf of Mexico. Nova Hedwigia Beih. 133:269-284.
28 Tester, P. A. & Steidinger, K. A. 1997. Gymnodinium breve red tide blooms: initiation, transport, and consequences of surface circulation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42:1039-1051.   DOI
29 Tester, P. A., Stumpf, R. P., Vukovich, F. M., Fowler, P. K. & Turner, J. T. 1991. An expatriate red tide bloom: transport, distribution, and persistence. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36:1053-1061.   DOI
30 Walsh, J. J., Weisberg, R. H., Lenes, J. M., Chen, F. R., Dieterle, D. A., Zheng, L., Carder, K. L., Vargo, G. A., Havens, J. A., Peebles, E., Hollander, D. J., He, R., Heil, C. A., Mahmoudi, B. & Landsberg, J. H. 2009. Isotopic evidence for dead fish maintenance of Florida red tides, with implications for coastal fisheries over both source regions of the West Florida shelf and within downstream waters of the South Atlantic Bight. Prog. Oceanogr. 80:51-73.   DOI
31 Wang, J. & Wu, J. 2009. Occurrence and potential risk of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 407:4012-4021.   DOI
32 Xie, Z. & Yan, J. 2008. Kernel density estimation of traffic accidents in a network space. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 32:396-406.   DOI