Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2004.19.4.293

Effects of Water Temperature, Salinity and Irradiance on the Growth of the Toxic Dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham) Isolated from Yeosuhae Bay, Korea  

Oh, Seok-Jin
Yoon, Yang-Ho
Publication Information
ALGAE / v.19, no.4, 2004 , pp. 293-301 More about this Journal
Abstract
A chain-forming toxic din flagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham) was known as a paralytic toxin-producer among Gymnodinoid group. In the study, the effects of water temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of G. catenatum isolated from Yeosuhae Bay, Korea were investigated. Water temperature range in which G. catenatum showed specific growth rate higher than 0.3 day$^{-1}$ were above about 18${^{\circ}C}$. However, salinity did not have such an effect on growth of G. catenatum. The maximum growth rate (0.5 day$^{-1}$) was obtained at 25${^{\circ}C}$ and 30 psu. The specific growth rate (u) expressed as a polynomial equation as functions of temperature (T; ${^{\circ}C}$) and salinity (S; psu) was $\mu$ = 0.005·T$^2$ - 0.0001164 T$^3$ - 0.063-S + 0.005-S$^2$ - 0.00007608-S$^3$ - 0.003-T-S + 0.00005308-T$^2$-S. Thus, in aspects of water temperature and salinity, the species may be expected to survive in most Korean coastal waters from early summer to autumn. The irradiance-growth curve was described as = 0.16 (I - 10.4)/(1 + 21.8) at 18${^{\circ}C}$ and 30 psu, indicating a half-saturation (Ks) photon flux density (PFD) of 42.6$\mu$mol m$^{-2}s^{-1}$ and compensation PFD (I$_0$) of 10.4$\mu$mol m$^{-2}s^{-1}$. These characteristic responses to irradiance suggest that G. catenatum can reside at the sub-surface.
Keywords
growth; Gymnodinium catenatum; irradiance; salinity; toxic dinoflagellate; water temperature; Yeosuhae;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Brand L.E., Guillard R.R.L. and Murphy L.S. 1981. A method for the rapid and precise determination of acclimated phytoplankton reproduction rates. J. Plankton Res. 3: 193-201   DOI
2 Kim D.S. 2000. Seasonal variation of watermass in the central coast of the Southern Sea of Korea. Bull. Korean Soc. Fish. Tech. 36: 105-116
3 Kim H.G., Matsuoka K, Lee S.G and An KH. 1996. The occurrence of a dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from Chinhae Bay, Korea. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 29: 837-842
4 Chang D.S., Shin I.S., Pyeun J.H. and Park Y.H. 1987. A study on paralytic shellfish poison of sea mussel, My tilus edulis. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc. 20: 293-299 (in Korean with English abstract)
5 Choo H.S., Lee G.H. and Yoon Y.H. 1997. Variations of temperature and salinity in Kugum Suro Channel. J. Korean Fish. 30: 252-263
6 Doblin M.A., Blackburn S.T and Hallegreff G.M. 1999. Growth and biomass stimulation of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenat um (Graham) by dissolved organic substances. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 236: 33-47   DOI   ScienceOn
7 FElS (National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea) 1998. Paralytic shellfish poisoning of Gymnodinium catenatum in the western Japan. Aquaculture 5: 92-93 (in Japanese)
8 Fraga S. and Sanchez F.J. 1985. Toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates found in Galician rias (NW Spain). In: Anderson D.M., White A.W. and Baden D. (eds), Toxic dinoflagellates. Elsevier, New York. pp. 51-54
9 Fraga S., Gallager S.M. and Anderson D.M. 1989. Chain-formating dinoflagellates: An adaption to red tides. In: Okaichi T., Anderson D.M. and Nemoto T. (eds), Red Tides. Elsevier, New York. pp. 281-284
10 Fraga S. and Bakun A. 1993. Global climate change and harmfuI algal blooms: the example of Gymnodinium catenatutn on the Galicia coast. In: Smayda T.J. and Shimizu Y. (eds), Toxic phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea. Elsevier, New York. pp. 59-64
11 Franca S. and Almeida J.F. 1989. Paralytic shellfish poisons in bivalve molluscs on the Portuguese coast caused by a bloom of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium carenatum, In: Okaichi T., Anderson D.M. and Nemoto T. (eds), Red Tides. Elsevier, New York. pp. 93-96
12 Matsuoka K. and Fukuyo Y. 1994. Geographical distribution of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham in Japanese coastal waters. Bot. Mar. 37: 495-503   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Guillard R.R.L. 1995. Culture methods. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Anderson D.M. and Cembella AD. (eds), Manual on harmful marine microalage. UNESCO, Paris. pp. 45-62
14 Hada Y. 1967. Protozoan plankton of the Inland Sea, Setonaikai. I. The mastigophora. Bull. Suzugamine Woman's cat. Nat. Sci. 13: 1-26
15 Hallegraeff G.M. and Bolch C.J. 1992. Transport of diatom and dinoflagellate resting spores in ships. ballast water: implications for plankton biogeography and aquaculture. J. Plankton Res. 14: 1067-1084   DOI
16 Hallegraeff G.M. 1993. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia 32: 79-99   DOI
17 Hallegraeff G.M. and Fraga S. 1998. Bloom dynamics of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum, with emphasis on Tasmanian and Spanish coastal waters. In: Anderson D.M., Cembe lla A.D. and Hallegraeff G.M. (e d s ), Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer, Berlin. pp. 59-80
18 Han M.S., Jeon J.K and Yoon Y.H. 1993. Distribution and toxin profiles of Alexandrium iamarense (Lebour) Balech (dinoflagellate) in the southeastern coastal waters, Korea. Korean J. Phycol. 8: 7-13
19 Ikeda T., Matsuno S. and Endo R. 1988. Study of shellfish poisoning (part 3), paralytic shellfish poisoning of Gymnodinium catenatum. Annual report of Yamaguchi Institute of Marine and Fisheries Science 16: 59-68 (in Japanese)
20 Ikeda T., Matsuno S., Sato S., Ogata T., Kodama M., Fukuyo Y. and Takayama H. 1989. First report on paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by Gymnodinium catenu tum (Dinophyceae) in Japan. In: Okaichi T., Anderson D.M. and Nemoto T. (eds), Red Tides. Elsevier, New York. 411-414
21 Jeon J.K and Han MS. 1998. Monitoring of intoxication and toxin composition on wild mussels (Mytilus corsucus) from coastal waters near Koje Island, Korea in 1996 and 1997. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 31: 817-822 (in Korean with English abstract)
22 Yamaguchi M. 2000. Physiological ecology, mechanisms and prediction of the red tide of Gymnodinium mikimotoi (Dinophyceae). In: Ishida Y., Honjo T., Fukuyo Y. and Imai I. (eds). Mechanisms, Prediction, and Mitigation of harmful algal blooms in Japan. Tokyo. pp. 101-136 (in Japanese)
23 Kim C.H, 1995. Paralytic shellfish toxin profiles of the dinoflagellate Alcxandrium species isolated from Benthic cysts in Jinhae Bay, Korea. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 28: 364-372
24 Kim C.H. and Shin J.B. 1997. Harmful and toxic red tide algal development and toxins production in Korean coastal waters. Algae 12: 269-276 (in Korean with English abstract)
25 Kim C.H. 1998. Development of PSP toxigenic dinoflagellates and toxin production in Korean coastal waters. In: Kim H.C., Lee S.G. and Lee C.K(eds), Harmful algal blooms in Korea and China. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Pusan. pp. 1-20 (in Korean)
26 Kim D.I., Matsuyama Y., Nagasoe S., Yamaguchi M., Yoon Y.H., Oshima Y., Imada N. and Honjo T. 2004. Effects of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of the harmful red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef (Dinophyceae). J. Plankton Res. 26: 61-66   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Lederman I.C. and Tett P. 1981. Problems in modeling the photosynthesis- light relationship for phytoplankton. Bot. Mar. 24: 125-134   DOI
28 Lee J.S., Shin I.S., Kim Y.M., and Chang D.S. 1997. Paralytic shellfish toxins in the Mussel, Mytilus edulis, caused the shellfish poisoning accident at Geoje, Korea, in 1996. J. Korean. Fish. Soc. 30: 158-160 (in Korean with English abstract)
29 Lee C.K, Lee S.C. and Kim H.G 1999. Occurrence and abundance of three morphologically similar dinoflagel-lates, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Gyrodinium impudicum and Gymnodinium catenatum in the southern coast of Korea. Bull Natl. Fish. Res. Dev. Int. Korea. 57: 131-139 (in Korean with English abstract)
30 Lee C.K., Kim H.C., Lee S.G., Jung C.S., Kim H.G. and Lim W.A. 2001. Abundance of harmful algae, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Gyrodinium impudicum and Gymnodinium catenatum in the coastal area of South Sea of Korea and their effects of temperature, salinity, irradiance and nutrient on the growth in culture. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 34: 536-544 (in Korean with English abstract)
31 Mee L.D., Espinosa M. and Diaz G. 1986. Paralytic shellfish poisoning with a Gymnodinium catenatum red tide on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Mar. Environ. Res. 19: 77-92   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Nishioka J., Wada Y. and Imanishi Y. 1993. On the occurrences of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) in Kumihama Bay. Bull. Kyoto. Inst. Ocean. Fish. 16: 43-49 (in Japanese with English abstract)
33 Oh S,J., Yamamoto T., Kataoka Y., Matsuda 0., Matsuyama Y. and Kotani Y. 2002. Utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus by the two toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae). Fish. Sci. 68: 416-424   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Oh S.J., Matsuyama Y., Oda S., Moriyama T. and Uchida T. 2003. Environmental feature causing a bloom of the novel dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama (Dinophyceae) in Uranouchi Bay, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Algae 18: 281-288 (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Yamaguchi M. and Honjo T. 1989. Effects of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of the noxious red tide flagellate Gymnodinium nagasakiense (Dinophyceae). Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55: 2029-2036 (in Japanese with English abstracts)   DOI
36 Oshima Y., Hasegawa M., Yasumoto T., Hallegraeff G.M. and Blackburn S.L 1987. Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum as the source of paralytic shellfish toxins in Tasmanian shellfish. Toxicon 25: 1105-1111   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Poole H.H. and Atkins W.R.G. 1929. Photo-electric measurement of submarine illumination throughout the year. J. Mar. Bioi. Ass. U. K. 16: 297-324   DOI
38 Takahashi M. and Hara Y. 1989. Control of diel vertical migration and cell division rhythm of Heterosigma akashiwo by day and night cycles. In: Okaichi T., Anderson D.M., Nemoto T. (eds), Red Tides. Elsevier, New York. pp. 265-268
39 Yamamoto T., Yoshizu Y. and Tarutani K. 1995. Effects of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense isolated from Mikawa Bay, Japan. Jpn. J. Phycol. 43: 91-98 (in Japanese with English abstracts)
40 Yamamoto T. and Tarutani K. 1997. Effects of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense isolated from Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Jpn. J. Phycol. 45: 95-101 (in Japanese with English abstracts)
41 Yamamoto T., Oh S.J. and Kataoka Y. 2002. Effects of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) isolated from Hiroshima Bay. Japan. Fish. Sci. 68: 356-363
42 Yang Y.R. 1978. Optical properties of sea water (IV). Bull Korean Fish. Tech. Soc. 14: 37-41 (in Korean with English abstract)
43 Yoon Y.H. 2000. Variation characteristics of water quality and chlorophyll a concentration in the Northern Karnak bay of Southern Korea. J. Korean Environ. Sci. Soc. 9: 429-436 (in Korean with English abstract)
44 Blackburn S.I., Hallegraeff GM. and Bolch C.J. 1989. Vegetative reproduction and sexual life cycle of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from Tasmania, Australia. J. Phycol.25: 577-590   DOI
45 Bravo I. and Anderson D.M. 1994. The effects of temperature, growth medium and darkness on excystment and growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from northwest Spain. J. Plankton Res. 16: 513-525   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Carrada G.c., Casotti R., Modigh M. and Saggiomo V. 1991. Presence of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) in a coastal Mediterranean lagoon. J. Plankton Res. 13: 229-238   DOI
47 Graham H.W. 1943. Gymnodinium catenatum, a new dinoflagellate from the Gulf of California. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 62: 259-261   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Guillard R.R.L. and Ryther D. 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. 1. Cyelotella nana Hustedt and Deionula conferoacea (Cleve) Gran. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: 229-239   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Baba T., Hiyama S. and Tainaka T. 2001. Vertical migration of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum and toxicity of cultured oyster in Senzaki Bay, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 48: 95-99 (in Japanese with English abstract)