Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2021.54.6.629

Petrographic and Magnetic Fabric Investigation of the Tadaout-Tizi n'Rsas Dyke Swarms in the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco  

Daoud, Mustapha Ait (Laboratory of Applied Geology, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques)
Essalhi, Mourad (Laboratory of Applied Geology, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques)
Essalhi, Abdelhafid (Laboratory of Applied Geology, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques)
Toummite, Abdeslam (Laboratory of Applied Geology, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques)
Publication Information
Economic and Environmental Geology / v.54, no.6, 2021 , pp. 629-647 More about this Journal
Abstract
Located in the eastern part of the Anti-Atlas, the Tafilalet region shows numerous dykes and sills that crosscut the Paleozoic terrains. The magmatic structures (dykes and sills) of the Tadaout-Tizi n'Rsas (TTR) anticline is studied here, it located neighboring the main branch of the Anti-Atlas Major Fault (AAMF), known in this location as the Oumejrane-Taouz Fault (OJTF). The N20° to N60° trending dykes crosscut the Paleozoic formations (Ordovician to Devonian), whereas sills are injected into the Silurian and Devonian ones. The dyke swarms of TTR have been studied using the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS), petrographic study and structural analyses. The petrographic study of the TTR doleritic dykes shows a dominance of plagioclase feldspars, alkali feldspars, amphiboles, pyroxenes and biotite. The dykes contain also mesotype (natrolite), sphene (titanite), apatite, actinolite and pegmatitic enclaves of biotite, orthoclase feldspars and pelites. Concerning field works, they show the deformation of TTR dykes by the Variscan tectonics events, it is marked by the presence of displacements (strike-slip faults) and cleavages. The Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) measured on magmatic specimens show the dominance of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals. The high values of MS in the dykes are due to the presence of hematite, amphibole, pyroxene and biotite. In addition their magnetic fabric, determined by our AMS study, allows us to reconstitute the tectonic event which affected the magmatic bodies. This one is characterized by a magnetic foliation and a NNW-trending lineation that reflect the Variscan shortening orientation.
Keywords
Eastern Anti-Atlas; Tadaout-Tizi n'Rsas; magmatic system; Anistotropie of Magnetic Susceptibility; Oumejrane-Taouz Fault;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hailwood, E.A. and Mitchell, J.G. (1971) Palaeomagnetic and radiometric dating results from Jurassic intrusions in South Morocco. Geophysical Journal International, v.24, p.351-364. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb02183.x   DOI
2 Raddi, Y., Baidder, L., Tahiri, M. and Michard, A. (2007) Variscan deformation at the northern border of the West African Craton, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco: compression of a mosaic of tilted blocks. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, v.178, p.343-352. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.178.5.343   DOI
3 Sebai, A., Feraud, G., Bertrand, H. and Hanes, J. (1991) 40Ar/39Ar dating and geochemistry of tholeiitic magmatism related to the early opening of the Central Atlantic rift. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.104, p.455-472. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90222-4   DOI
4 Destombes, J. (2006) Carte geologique au 1/200 000 de l'Anti-Atlas marocain. Paleozoique inferieur: Cambrien moyen-Ordovicienbase du Silurien. Feuille Tafilalt-Taouz. Memoire explicatif, Chapitre E -Anti-Atlas oriental). Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 90.
5 Destombes, J. (1963) Le Cambrien et la base de l'Ordovicien dans la partie orientale et meridionale du Tafilalt (Maroc). Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France S7-V, 938-945. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-V.6.938   DOI
6 Destombes, J., Margat, J. and Hollard, H. (1962) Memoire explicatif de la carte hydrogeologique au 1: 50 000 de la plaine du Tafilalt. Ed. du service geologique du Maroc.
7 Ernst, R.E. and Baragar, W.R.A. (1992) Evidence from magnetic fabric for the flow pattern of magma in the Mackenzie giant radiating dyke swarm. Nature, v.356, p.511-513. doi: 10.1038/356511a0   DOI
8 Essalhi, M., Mrani, D., Essalhi, A., Toummite, A. and Ali-Ammar, H. (2018) Evidence of a high quality barite in Draa-Tafilalet region, Morocco: A nonupgraded potential. J. Mater. Environ. Sci., v.9, p.1366-1378. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2017.9.4.149   DOI
9 Nkono, C., Femenias, O., Diot, H., Berza, T. and Demaiffe, D. (2006) Flowage differentiation in an andesitic dyke of the Motru Dyke Swarm (Southern Carpathians, Romania) inferred from AMS, CSD and geochemistry. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v.154, p.201-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.02.011   DOI
10 Najih, A., Fekkak, A., Ezzouhairi, H., Baidder, L., Berrada, I., Karaoui, B. and Mahmoudi, A. (2018) The Tafilalt magmatic complex (Eastern Anti Atlas, Morocco): New insights into petrology and geochemistry; and preliminary interpretation. Bull. Inst. Sci, Rabat, Sect. Sci. Ter., n° 40, p.91-113.
11 Bouchez, J.-L. (2000) Anisotropie de susceptibilite magnetique et fabrique des granites. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, v.330, p.1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00120-8   DOI
12 Chabou, M.C., Bertrand, H. and Sebai, A. (2010) Geochemistry of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in southwestern Algeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, v.58, p.211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.02.009   DOI
13 Essalhi, A., Essalhi, M. and Toummite, A. (2016) Environmental impact of mining exploitation: A case study of some mines of barite in the Eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco. Journal of Environmental Protection, v.7, p.1473. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.711124   DOI
14 Chakir, A., Errami, E., Otmane, K., Olivier, P. and Ennih, N. (2007) Le pluton granitique de Taouaia (Saghro oriental, Anti-Atlas, Maroc): etude petrologique, geochimique et structurale par la methode d'ASM. Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 516, 49-56.
15 Choubert, G. (1947) L'accident majeur de l'Anti-Atlas. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris 224, 1172-1173.
16 Destombes, J. and Hollard, H. (1986) Carte geologique du Maroc au 1/200 000, feuille Tafilalt-Taouz. Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 244.
17 Baidder, L., Michard, A., Soulaimani, A., Fekkak, A., Eddebbi, A., Rjimati, E.-C. and Raddi, Y. (2016) Fold interference pattern in thick-skinned tectonics; a case study from the external Variscan belt of Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. J. Afr. Earth Sci., v.119, p.204-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.04.003   DOI
18 Ait Daoud, M., Essalhi, A., Essalhi, M. and Toummite, A. (2020) The role of variscan shortening in the control of mineralization deposition in Tadaout-Tizi n'Rsas mining destrict (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Bull.Min.Res.Exp., v.161, p.13-32. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.524167   DOI
19 Alvaro, J.J., Aretz, M., Benharref, M., Hibti, M., Pouclet, A., El Hadi, H., Koukaya, A., Ettachfini, E.M. and Boudad, L. (2014a) Carte geologique du Maroc au 1/50 000, feuille Tawz-Memoire explicatif. Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 551.
20 Baidder, L. (2007) Structuration de la bordure septentrionale du Craton Ouest-Africain du Cambrien a l'Actuel : cas de l'Anti-Atlas oriental du Maroc. (These d'Etat). Universite Hassan II Ain Chock, Faculte des sciences, Casablanca, Maroc.
21 Becker, R.T., El Hassani, A., Hartenfels, S., Luddecke, F. (Eds.) (2018a) Bou Tchrafine - central Tafilalt reference section for Devonian stratigraphy and cephalopod succession, Munstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Palaontologie.
22 Benharref, M., Alvaro, J.J., Hibti, M., Pouclet, A., El Hadi, H. and Boudad, L. (2014a) Carte geologique du Maroc au 1/50 000, feuille Marzouga-Memoire explicatif. Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 553.
23 Becker, R.T., El Hassani, A., Hartenfels, S., Luddecke, F. (Eds.) (2018c) The Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of the eastern Anti-Atlas: introduction to a "cephalopod paradise," Munstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Palaontologie.
24 Femenias, O., Diot, H., Berza, T., Gauffriau, A. and Demaiffe, D. (2004) Asymmetrical to symmetrical magnetic fabric of dikes: Paleo-flow orientations and Paleo-stresses recorded on feederbodies from the Motru Dike Swarm (Romania). Journal of Structural Geology, v.26, p.1401-1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2003.12.003   DOI
25 Gasquet, D., Ennih, N., Liegeois, J.-P., Soulaimani, A. and Michard, A. (2008) The Pan-African Belt, in: Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco. Springer, pp. 33-64.
26 Hollard, H. (1974b) Recherches sur la stratigraphie des formations du Devonien moyen, de l'Emsien superieur au Frasnien, dans le Sud du Tafilalt et dans le Ma'der (Anti-Atlas oriental). Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 264, 7-68.
27 Hollard, H. (1981) Principaux caracteres des formations devoniennes de l'Anti-Atlas. Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc 42, 15-22.
28 Benharref, M., Alvaro, J.J., Hibti, M., Pouclet, A., El Hadi, H., Koukaya, A. and Ettachfini, E.M. (2014b) Carte geologique du Maroc au 1/50 000, feuille Al Atrous-Memoire explicatif. Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 555.
29 Otmane, K., Errami, E., Olivier, P., Berger, J., Triantafyllou, A. and Ennih, N. (2018) Magnetic fabric and flow direction in the Ediacaran Imider dyke swarms (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco), inferred from the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Journal of African Earth Sciences, v.139, p.55-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.11.030   DOI
30 Baidder, L., Raddi, Y., Tahiri, M. and Michard, A. (2008) Devonian extension of the Pan-African crust north of the West African craton, and its bearing on the Variscan foreland deformation: evidence from eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Geol. Soc. Lond. Special Publ., v.297, p.453-465. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP297.21   DOI
31 Benharref, M., Hibti, M., Pouclet, A., El Hadi, H. and Koukaya, A. (2014c) Carte geologique du Maroc au 1/50 000, feuille Mfis-Memoire explicatif. Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 554.
32 Klug, C. (2007) Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco. Acta Palaeontol. Pol 52, 749-759.
33 Chadima, M. and Jelinek, V. (2009) Anisoft 4.2: Anisotropy data browser for windows. Agico Inc., Brno.
34 Choubert, G. (1943) Quelques reflexions sur la terminaison orientale de l'Anti Atlas. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle 61-79.
35 Hollard, H. (1973) La mise en place au Lias des dolerites dans le Paleozoique moyen des plaines du Draa et du bassin de Tindouf (Sud de l'Anti-Atlas central, Maroc). CR Acad. Sci. Paris, v.277, p.553-556.
36 Klug, C. (2001) Early Emsian ammonoids from the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) and their succession. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, v.74, p.479-515. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988158   DOI
37 Makkoudi, D. (1995) Les mineralisations Pb-Ba de M'Ifiss, Etude Geologique et Contribution a la gitologie des Gisement du Tafilalet. (These de 3eme cycle). Universite Mohamed V, Faculte des Sciences, Rabt, Maroc.
38 Najih, A., Montero, P., Verati, C., Chabou, M.C., Fekkak, A., Baidder, L., Ezzouhairi, H., Bea, F. and Michard, A. (2019) Initial Pangean rifting north of the West African Craton: Insights from late Permian U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar dating of alkaline magmatism from the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Journal of Geodynamics, v.132, 101670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2019.101670   DOI
39 Pouclet, A., El Hadi, H., Alvaro, J.J., Bardintzeff, J.-M., Benharref, M. and Fekkak, A. (2018) Review of the Cambrian volcanic activity in Morocco: geochemical fingerprints and geotectonic implications for the rifting of West Gondwana. International Journal of Earth Sciences, v.107, p.1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-018-1590-1   DOI
40 Essalhi, M. (2009) Application de l'etude du magnetisme des roches a la comprehension des gisements : Tracage des paleocirculations (experimentation et cas des mineralisations de La Florida, Espagne) ; Structuration et histoire de l'alteration des amas sulfures (cas des chapeaux de fer de la Province Pyriteuse Sud Iberique, Espagne). (phdthesis). Universite d'Orleans.
41 Becker, R.T., El Hassani, A., Hartenfels, S., Luddecke, F. (Eds.) (2018b) Jebel Mech Irdane - the Eifelian/Givetian boundary GSSP and an important cephalopod locality, Munstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Palaontologie.
42 Salmon, E., Montigny, R., Edel, J.B., Pique, A., Thuizat, R. and Westphal, M. (1987) A 140 Ma K/Ar age for the Msissi norite (Morocco): new geochemical and paleomagnetic data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.81, p.265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90162-2   DOI
43 Saidi, O., Mhamdi, H.S., Essalhi, A. and Toummite, A. (2020) Mapeo de redes de fracturas mediante imagenes Landsat-8 OLI en la zona minera de Jbel Tijekht en el Anti-Atlas oriental de Marruecos. estudgeol 76, e133-e133. https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.43887.587   DOI
44 Tarling, D. and Hrouda, F. (1993) Magnetic Anisotropy of Rocks. Springer Science & Business Media.
45 Pohle, A. and Klug, C. (2018) Body size of orthoconic cephalopods from the late Silurian and Devonian of the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Lethaia, v.51, p.126-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12234   DOI
46 Pouclet, A., El Hadi, H., Bardintzeff, J.-M., Benharref, M. and Fekkak, A. (2017) Devonian to Early Carboniferous magmatic alkaline activity in the Tafilalt Province, Eastearn Morocco: An Eovariscan episode in the Gondwana margin, north of the West African Craton. Journal of African Earth Sciences, v.129, p.814-841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.01.030   DOI
47 Raddi, Y. (2014) Evolution tectonique polycyclique a la marge du Craton ouestafricain: Le Massif de l'Ougnat (Anti-Atlas oriental, Maroc). Universite Mohamed V, Faculte des Sciences, RabatMaroc.
48 Raposo, M.I.B. and Ernesto, M. (1995) Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in the Ponta Grossa dyke swarm (Brazil) and its relationship with magma flow direction. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v.87, p.183-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(94)02970-M   DOI
49 Robert-Charrue, C. (2006) Geologie structurale de l'Anti-Atlas oriental, Maroc (PhD Thesis). Universite de Neuchatel.
50 Sizaret, S., Chen, Y., Barbanson, L., Henry, B., Camps, P. and Marcoux, E. (2006) Crystallization in flow - I. Palaeocirculation track by texture analysis and magnetic fabrics. Geophysical Journal International, v.167, p.605-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03106.x   DOI
51 Michard, A., Hoepffner, C., Soulaimani, A. and Baidder, L. (2008) The Variscan Belt, in: Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 65-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77076-3_3   DOI
52 Clariound (1944) Carte geologique provisoire des plateaux et chaines du Saghro et Maider.
53 Soualhine, S., de Leon, J.T. and Hoepffner, C. (2003) Les facies sedimentaires carboniferes de Tisdafine (Anti-Atlas oriental): remplissage deltaique d'un bassin en «pull-apart» sur la bordure meridionale de l'Accident sud-atlasique. Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat, v.25, p.31-41.
54 Essalhi, M., Sizaret, S., Barbanson, L., Chen, Y., Lagroix, F., Demory, F., Nieto, J.M., Saez, R. and Capitan, M.A. (2011) A case study of the internal structures of gossans and weathering processes in the Iberian Pyrite Belt using magnetic fabrics and paleomagnetic dating. Miner Deposita, v.46, p.981-999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-011-0361-8   DOI
55 Gasquet, D., Levresse, G., Cheilletz, A., Azizi-Samir, M.R. and Mouttaqi, A. (2005) Contribution to a geodynamic reconstruction of the Anti-Atlas (Morocco) during Pan-African times with the emphasis on inversion tectonics and metallogenic activity at the Precambrian-Cambrian transition. Precambrian Research, v.140, p.157-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2005.06.009   DOI
56 Hollard, H. (1974a) Recherches sur la stratigraphie des formations du Devonien moyen, de l'Emsien superieur au Frasnien, dans le Sud du Tafilalt et dans le Ma'der (Anti-Atlas oriental). Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 264, 7-68.
57 Jelinek, V. (1981) Characterization of the magnetic fabric of rocks. Tectonophysics, v.79, p.T63-T67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(81)90110-4   DOI
58 Klug, C. and Pohle, A. (2018) The eastern Amessoui Syncline - a hotspot for Silurian to Carboniferous cephalopod research, 110, 18.
59 Knight, M.D. and Walker, G.P.L. (1988) Magma flow directions in dikes of the Koolau Complex, Oahu, determined from magnetic fabric studies. J. Geophys. Res., v.93, p.4301-4319. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04301   DOI
60 Thomas, R.J., Fekkak, A., Ennih, N., Errami, E., Loughlin, S.C., Gresse, P.G., Chevallier, L.P. and Liegeois, J.-P. (2004) A new lithostratigraphic framework for the Anti-Atlas Orogen, Morocco. Journal of African Earth Sciences, v.39, p.217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.07.046   DOI
61 Alvaro, J.J., Benharref, M., Hibti, M. and Boudad, L. (2014b) Carte geologique du Maroc au 1/50,000, feuille Irara. Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 552.
62 Silva, P.F., Marques, F.O., Henry, B., Mateus, A., Lourenco, N. and Miranda, J.M. (2004) Preliminary results of a study of magnetic properties in the Foum-Zguid dyke (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 29, 909-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2004.01.016   DOI
63 Soulaimani, A., Michard, A., Ouanaimi, H., Baidder, L., Raddi, Y., Saddiqi, O. and Rjimati, E.C. (2014) Late Ediacaran-Cambrian structures and their reactivation during the Variscan and Alpine cycles in the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences, v.98, p.94-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.025   DOI
64 Verati, C., Rapaille, C., Feraud, G., Marzoli, A., Bertrand, H. and Youbi, N. (2007) 40Ar/39Ar ages and duration of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism in Morocco and Portugal and its relation to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.244, p.308-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.033   DOI
65 Derder, M.E.M., Smith, B., Henry, B., Yelles, A.K., Bayou, B., Djellit, H., Ait ouali, R. and Gandriche, H., 2001. Juxtaposed and superimposed paleomagnetic primary and secondary components from the folded middle carboniferous sediments in the Reggane Basin (Saharan craton, Algeria). Tectonophysics, v.332, p.403-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00298-5   DOI
66 Klug, C., Schulz, H. and De Baets, K. (2009) Red Devonian Trilobites with Green Eyes from Morocco and the Silicification of the Trilobite Exoskeleton. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v.54, p.117-123. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2009.0112   DOI
67 Youbi, N., Martins, L.T., Munha, J.M., Ibouh, H., Madeira, J., Ait Chayeb, E.H. and El Boukhari, A. (2003) The Late TriassicEarly Jurassic volcanism of Morocco and Portugal in the framework of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: An overview, in: Hames, W., McHone, J.G., Renne, P., Ruppel, C. (Eds.), Geophysical Monograph Series. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C., pp. 179-207. https://doi.org/10.1029/136GM010   DOI