Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2014.47.5.541

Occurrence and Formation Environment of Boron Deposits in Turkey  

Koh, Sang-Mo (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Lee, Bum Han (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Lee, Gilljae (Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Cicek, Murat (General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration)
Publication Information
Economic and Environmental Geology / v.47, no.5, 2014 , pp. 541-549 More about this Journal
Abstract
The annual borate production in Turkey is about 3 million tons, which occupies approximately 61 percent of total annual world production. Turkey has five boron deposits including Bigadic, Emet, Kestelek, Kirka, and Sultancayir. At present, Bigadic, Emet, and Kirka deposits are operating. Kirka boron deposit is distributed within volcanoclatic sedimentary group as mainly layered, rarely brecciated and massive types. Major borate is borax associated with colemanite and ulexite. They show a horizontal symmetrical zonation from Na borate (borax) in the center of deposit to Na-Ca borate (ulexite) and Ca-borate (colemanite) in margin. Bigadic boron deposit is known as the largest colemanite deposit in the world. This deposit occurs as two borate bearing horizons in Miocene volcanoclastic sedimentary group. Thickness ranges from several meters to 100 meter with a length of several hundreds meters. Borate ore bodies which are mainly composed of colemanite and ulexite are alternated with claystone, mudstone, tuff and layered limestone as lenticular shape. Sultancayir boron deposit is mainly distributed within gray limestone. Main borate minerals of this deposit are pandermite and ulexite. Pandermite and ulexite occur as colloform aggregate and small veinlet, respectively. Turkish boron deposits are evaporite deposit which were formed in Miocene playa-lake environment. Boron was supplied to the deposits by the volcanic and hydrothermal activities.
Keywords
Turkey; Kirka boron deposit; Bigadic boron deposit; Sultancayir boron deposit; evaporite deposit;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Foshag, W.F. (1921) The origin of the colemanite deposits of California: Econ. Geol., 16. p.199-214.   DOI
2 Helvaci, C. (1995) Stratigraphy, mineralogy and genesis of the Bigadic borate deposits, Western Turkiye. Econ. Geol., v.90, p.1237-1260.
3 Helvaci, C. and Alaca, A. (1991) Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadic borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull., v.113, p.31-63.
4 Kisler, R.B. and Helvaci C. (1994) Boron and borates. In: Industrial Minerals and Rocks(S.J. Lefonf, ed.), Soc. Min. Eng., AIME, p.171-186.
5 Kocak, I and Koc, S. (2012) Major and trace element geochemistry of the Bigadic borate deposit, Balikesir, Turkiye. Geochemistry International, v.50, p.926-951.   DOI
6 MTA (2013) Li investigation of boron deposits in Turkey. unpublished.
7 MTA (2014) Geology of boron deposits in Turkey. unpublished.
8 Ozdemir, Z., Zorlu, S., Akyildiz, M. and Eryilmaz, F.Y. (2014) Determination of Indicator Plants for Boron in the Kirka(Eski ehir/Turkey) Boron Deposit Area. International Journal of Geosciences, v.5, p.77-84.   DOI
9 USGS (2013) Mineral Commodity Summaries.