Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2015.32.3.285

Wireless Wearable GRF Sensing System for Continuous Measurements  

Lee, Dongkwan (Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST)
Jeong, Yongrok (Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST)
Gu, Gwang Min (Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST)
Kim, Jung (Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering / v.32, no.3, 2015 , pp. 285-292 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper presents a wireless ground reaction force (GRF) sensing system for ambulatory GRF recording. The system is largely divided into three parts: force sensing modules based on optical sensor, outsole type frame, and embedded system for wireless communication. The force sensing module has advantages of the low height, robustness to the moment interference, and stable response in long term use. In simulation study, the strain and stress properties were examined to satisfy the requirements of the GRF sensing system. Four sensing modules were mounted on the toe, ball, and heel of foot shaped frame, respectively. The GRF signals were extracted using Micrpcontroller unit and transferred to the smart phone via Bluetooth communication. We measured the GRF during the normal walking for the validation of the continuous recording capability. The recorded GRF was comparable to the off the shelf stationary force plate.
Keywords
Ground reaction force; Gait analysis; Optical sensor; Wearable system; Wireless;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bae, J., Kong, K., Byl, N., and Tomizuka, M., "A Mobile Gait Monitoring System for Abnormal Gait Diagnosis and Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study for Parkinson Disease Patients," Journal of biomechanical engineering, Vol. 133, No. 4, Paper No. 041005, 2011.
2 Huang, B., Chen, M., Shi, X., and Xu, Y., "Gait Event Detection with Intelligent Shoes," International Conference on Information Acquisition, pp. 579-584, 2007.
3 DeLuca, P. A., Davis III, R. B., Ounpuu, S., Rose, S., and Sirkin, R., "Alterations in Surgical Decision Making in Patients with Cerebral Palsy based on Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis," Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 608-614, 1997.   DOI
4 Furusho, J., Kikuchi, T., Tokuda, M., Kakehashi, T., Ikeda, K., et al., "Development of Shear Type Compact MR Brake for the Intelligent Ankle-Foot Orthosis and its Control; Research and Development in NEDO for Practical Application of Human Support Robot," IEEE 10th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, pp. 89-94, 2007.
5 Gu, G. M., Shin, Y. K., Son, J., and Kim, J., "Design and Characterization of a Photo-Sensor based Force Measurement unit (fmu)," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 182, pp. 49-56, 2012.   DOI
6 Kim, J.-C., Lee, J., Kim, K.-S., and Kim, S., "A Tri- Axial Force Sensor based on Light Intensity Modulation for Detecting Ground Reaction Force," 44th International Symposium on Robotics (ISR), pp. 1-5, 2013.
7 Lee, D. K., Jeong, Y. R., Gu, G. M., and Kim, J., "Characterization of a Reflective Optical Sensor- Based Force Sensor for Wearable Ground Reaction Force Measurement System," Proc of the 9th KROC, 2014.
8 Jeong, Y. R., Lee, D. K., Gu, G. M., and Kim, J., "Development of a Wearable Wireless Ground Reaction Force Sensor with High Resolution Exact Measurement," Proc. of 29th ICROS, 2014.
9 Kong, K. and Tomizuka, M., "A Gait Monitoring System based on Air Pressure Sensors Embedded in a Shoe," IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 358-370, 2009.   DOI
10 Lebosse, C., Renaud, P., Bayle, B., and de Mathelin, M., "Modeling and Evaluation of Low-Cost Force Sensors," IEEE Transactions on Robotics, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 815-822, 2011.   DOI
11 Liedtke, C., Fokkenrood, S. A., Menger, J. T., van der Kooij, H., and Veltink, P. H., "Evaluation of Instrumented Shoes for Ambulatory Assessment of Ground Reaction Forces," Gait & posture, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 39-47, 2007.   DOI
12 Lin, H.-I. and Chiang, Y., "Enhanced Data Consistency of a Portable Gait Measurement System," Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 84, No. 11, Paper No. 114301, 2013.
13 Liu, T., Inoue, Y., and Shibata, K., "Development of a Wearable Sensor System for Quantitative Gait Analysis," Measurement, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 978-988, 2009.   DOI
14 Sparrow, W. and Tirosh, O., "Gait Termination: A Review of Experimental Methods and the Effects of Ageing and Gait Pathologies," Gait & posture, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 362-371, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Liu, T., Inoue, Y., and Shibata, K., "A Wearable Force Plate System for the Continuous Measurement of Triaxial Ground Reaction Force in Biomechanical Applications," Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 21, No. 8, Paper No. 085804, 2010.
16 Macleod, C. A., Conway, B. A., Allan, D. B., and Galen, S. S., "Development and Validation of a Lowcost, Portable and Wireless Gait Assessment Tool," Medical engineering & physics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 541-546, 2014.   DOI
17 Monaco, V., Rinaldi, L. A., Macri, G., and Micera, S., "During Walking Elders Increase Efforts at Proximal Joints and Keep Low Kinetics at the Ankle," Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 493-498, 2009.   DOI
18 Do, T. N. and Suh, Y. S., "Gait Analysis using Floor Markers and Inertial Sensors," Sensors, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 1594-1611, 2012.   DOI