Browse > Article

Rough Set Analysis for Stock Market Timing  

Huh, Jin-Nyung ((주)네오아이즈)
Kim, Kyoung-Jae (동국대학교_서울 경영정보학과)
Han, In-Goo (한국과학기술원 경영대학)
Publication Information
Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems / v.16, no.3, 2010 , pp. 77-97 More about this Journal
Abstract
Market timing is an investment strategy which is used for obtaining excessive return from financial market. In general, detection of market timing means determining when to buy and sell to get excess return from trading. In many market timing systems, trading rules have been used as an engine to generate signals for trade. On the other hand, some researchers proposed the rough set analysis as a proper tool for market timing because it does not generate a signal for trade when the pattern of the market is uncertain by using the control function. The data for the rough set analysis should be discretized of numeric value because the rough set only accepts categorical data for analysis. Discretization searches for proper "cuts" for numeric data that determine intervals. All values that lie within each interval are transformed into same value. In general, there are four methods for data discretization in rough set analysis including equal frequency scaling, expert's knowledge-based discretization, minimum entropy scaling, and na$\ddot{i}$ve and Boolean reasoning-based discretization. Equal frequency scaling fixes a number of intervals and examines the histogram of each variable, then determines cuts so that approximately the same number of samples fall into each of the intervals. Expert's knowledge-based discretization determines cuts according to knowledge of domain experts through literature review or interview with experts. Minimum entropy scaling implements the algorithm based on recursively partitioning the value set of each variable so that a local measure of entropy is optimized. Na$\ddot{i}$ve and Booleanreasoning-based discretization searches categorical values by using Na$\ddot{i}$ve scaling the data, then finds the optimized dicretization thresholds through Boolean reasoning. Although the rough set analysis is promising for market timing, there is little research on the impact of the various data discretization methods on performance from trading using the rough set analysis. In this study, we compare stock market timing models using rough set analysis with various data discretization methods. The research data used in this study are the KOSPI 200 from May 1996 to October 1998. KOSPI 200 is the underlying index of the KOSPI 200 futures which is the first derivative instrument in the Korean stock market. The KOSPI 200 is a market value weighted index which consists of 200 stocks selected by criteria on liquidity and their status in corresponding industry including manufacturing, construction, communication, electricity and gas, distribution and services, and financing. The total number of samples is 660 trading days. In addition, this study uses popular technical indicators as independent variables. The experimental results show that the most profitable method for the training sample is the na$\ddot{i}$ve and Boolean reasoning but the expert's knowledge-based discretization is the most profitable method for the validation sample. In addition, the expert's knowledge-based discretization produced robust performance for both of training and validation sample. We also compared rough set analysis and decision tree. This study experimented C4.5 for the comparison purpose. The results show that rough set analysis with expert's knowledge-based discretization produced more profitable rules than C4.5.
Keywords
Rough Set; Market Timing; Discretization; Expert's Knowledge; Profitability;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Waksman, G., Sandler. M., Ward. M. and Firer. C., Market timing on the Johannesburg stock exchange using derivative instruments, Omega, Vol.25, No.1(1997), 81-91.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Slowinski, R. and Stefanowski. J., Rough classification with valued closeness relation. In E. Diaday et al. (Eds.), New Approaches in Classification and Data Analysis(1994), 482-488.
3 Quinlan, J. R., C4.5 : Programs for Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, (1993).
4 Pawlak, Z., Rough sets, International Journal of Information and Computer Sciences, Vol.11 (1982), 341-356.   DOI
5 Yeh, C. C., Chi. D. J. and Hsu. M. F., A hybrid approach of DEA, rough set and support vector machines for business failure prediction, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 37(2010), 1535-1541.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Tay, F. E. H. and Shen. L., Economic and financial prediction using rough sets model, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.141, No.3(2002). 641-659.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Skowron, A., Boolean reasoning for decision rules generation. In J. Komorowski. and Z. W. Ras. (Eds.), Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence(1993), 295-305.
8 Ruggiero, M. A., Cybernetics trading strategies : Developing profitable trading systems with state-of-the-art technologies, New York : John Wiley and Sons, (1997).
9 Pawlak, Z., Rough set approach to knowledge-based decision support. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.99(1997), 48-57.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Slowinski, R., Zopounidis. C. and Dimitras. A. I., Prediction of company acquisition in Greeceby means of the rough set approach. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.100, No.1(1997), 1-15.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Grzymala-Busse, J. W., LERS-s system for learning from examples based on rough sets. In R. Slowinski (Ed.), Intelligent Decision Support. Handbook of Applications and Advances of the Rough Sets Theory(3-18), Kluwer Academic Publisher(1992).
12 Murphy, J. J., Technical analysis of the futures markets : A comprehensive guide to trading methods and applications, New York : Prentice- Hall(1986).
13 Nguyen, H. S. and Skowron. A. Quantization of real-valued attributes, In Proc. Second International Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Wrightsville Beach, NC, (1995), 34-37.
14 Henriksson, R. D. and Merton. R. C. On market timing and investment performance II : Statistical procedures for evaluating forecasting skill, Journal of Business, Vol.54(1981), 513-533.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Kim, K. and Han. I. The extraction of trading rules from stock market data using rough sets, Expert Systems, Vol.18, No.4(2001), 194-202.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Merton, R. C. On market timing and investment performance I : An equilibrium theory of value for market forecasts. Journal of Business, Vol.54(1981), 363-406.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Dimitras, A. I., Slowinski. R., Susmaga. R. and Zopounidis. C., Business failure prediction using rough sets, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.114, No.2(1999), 263-280.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Edwards, R. D. and Magee. J., Technical analysis of stock trends, Chicago, Illinois : John Magee (1997).
19 Hashemi, R. R., Le Blanc., L. A., Rucks. C. T. and Rajaratnam. A., A hybrid intelligent system for predicting bank holding structures. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.109, No.2(1998), 390-402.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Slowinski, R. and Zopounidis. C., Application of the rough set approach to evaluation of bankruptcy risk, International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, Vol.4, No.1(1995), 27-41.
21 Achelis, S. B., Technical analysis from A to Z. Chicago : Probus Publishing, (1995).
22 장재건, 정용만, 연광제, 전준우, 신동현, 김현태, 기술적 분석지표를 이용한 선물투자기법, 도서출판 진리탐구, 1996.
23 Ahn, B. S., Cho. S. S. and Kim. C. Y., The integrated methodology of rough set theory and artificial neural network for business failure prediction., Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.18, No.2(2000), 65-74.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 김창연, 안병석, 조성식, 김성희, 도산예측을 위한 러프집합 이론과 인공신경망 통합방법론, 경영정보학연구, 9권 4호(1999), 23-40.
25 박기남, 이훈영, 박상국, 러프집합을 이용한 통합형 채권등급 평가모형 구축에 관한 연구, 한국경영과학회지, 20권 3호(2000), 125-135.
26 정석훈, 서용무, Rough Set 기법을 이용한 신용카드 연체자 분류, Entrue Journal of Information Systems, 7권 1호(2008), 141-150.