Browse > Article

The Change of Alveolar-capillary Barrier by Germanium in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide  

Lee, Yoon-Jeong (Department of Biology, Yeungnam University)
Cho, Hyun-Gug (Department of Visual Optics, Kyungwoon University)
Sin, Gun-Ho (Department of Biology, Yeungnam University)
Jeune, Kyung-Hee (Department of Biology, Yeungnam University)
Publication Information
Applied Microscopy / v.39, no.1, 2009 , pp. 27-40 More about this Journal
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), also known as an acute inflammatory lung disease is developed by various factors that is originated from the destruction of alveolar-capillary barrier, and neutrophils plays an important role in the destruction. The study intended to confirm, the anti-inflammatory effect of germanium, whether a lung injury has been mitigated with the reduction of injury in alveolar-capillary barrier resulting from inhibition of neutrophils migration in lung tissue. Test groups were divided in saline administered CON, 5 hours of endotoxin administered LPS and 5 hours of endotoxin administered Ge+LPS following 1 hours of pre-processed germanium. $100{\mu}g$ endotoxin was melted in 0.5 mL saline and sprayed into airway and 26 mg germanium per 100 g weight was administered into abdominal cavity. The endotoxin group which induced an acute lung injury with administered endotoxin showed dramatic increase of pulmonary edema (p<0.001), protein contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF (p<0.05) and neutrophils of infiltration in BALF (p<0.001) comparing with a control group, while a pre-treated germanium group showed significant decrease in all categories comparing to the endotoxin administerd group. In the result of a microscopic observation, the structure of alveolar-capillary barrier which is constructed with basal lamina, alveolar type I cells and endothelial cell were preserved of the pre-treated germanium group relatively well compare to the endotoxin administered group. And the construction of lamellar body, microvilli and basal lamina of alveolar type II cells were also preserved relatively well. Hence, germanium activates as an anti-Inflammatory mediator in other words, it interfered neutrophils migration into lung tissue, thereby reduced injury of alveolar-capillary barrier from toxic substances of activated neutrophils. Consequently, the study has determined that the acute lung injury induced by endotoxin has been decreased by the pre-treated germanium.
Keywords
Acute lung injury; Germanium; Alveolar-capillary barrier;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Cho HG: Germanium increases alveolar macrophage engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils in acute lung injury induced by endotoxin. Korean J Electron Microscopy 35(4) : 84-90, 2005
2 Dimartino MJ, Lee JC, Badger AM, Muirhead KA, Mirabelli CK, Hanna N: Antiarthritic and immunoregulatory activity of spirogermanium. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 236(1) : 103-110, 1986   PUBMED
3 Doyle RL, Szaflarski N, Modin GW, Wiener-Kronish JP, Matthay MA: Identification of patients with acute lung injury. Predictors of mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152(6 Pt 1) : 1818-1824, 1995   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
4 Hudson LD, Milberg JA, Anardi D, Maunder RJ: Clinical risks for development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151(2 Pt 1) : 293-301, 1995   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
5 Sloane PJ, Gee MH, Gottlieb JE, Albertine KH, Peters SP, Burns JR, Machiedo G, Fish JE: A multicenter registry of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome : Physiology and outcome. Am Rev Respir Dis 146(2) : 419-26, 1992   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
6 Suzuki F, Brutkiewicz RR, Pollard RB: Cooperation of lymphokine(s) and macrophages in expression of antitumor activity of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132). Anticancer Res 6(2) : 177-182, 1986   PUBMED   ScienceOn
7 Tate RM, Repine JE: Neutrophils and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 128(3) : 552-559, 1983   PUBMED   ScienceOn
8 Zilberberg MD, Epstein SK: Acute lung injury in the medical ICU : comorbid conditions, age, etiology, and hospital outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157(4 Pt 1) : 1159-1164, 1998   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
9 Montgomery AB, Stager MA, Carrico CJ, Hudson LD: Causes of mortality in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 132(3) : 485-489, 1985   PUBMED
10 Hiroshi S, Hiroyuki K, Norihiro K: Oral administration study of biscarboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide in Senescence Accelerated mouse. An abstract of study conference of senescence accelerated mouse (8th), pp. 43-44, 1991
11 Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL, Levine BE: Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet 12; 2(7511) : 319-323, 1967
12 Smith WB, Gamble JR, Clark-Lewis I, Vadas MA: Interleukin-8 induces neutrophil transendothelial migration. Immunology 72(1) : 65-72, 1991   PUBMED
13 Fowler AA, Hamman RF, Good JT, Benson KN, Baird M, Eberle DJ, Petty TL, Hyers TM: Adult respiratory distress syndrome : risk with common predispositions. Ann Intern Med 98(5 Pt 1) : 593-597, 1983   DOI   PUBMED
14 Martin TR, Pistorese BP, Chi EY, Goodman RB, Matthay MA: Effects of leukotriene B4 in the human lung. Recruitment of neutrophils into the alveolar spaces without a change in protein permeability. J Clin Invest 84(5) : 1609-1619, 1989   DOI   PUBMED
15 Asai K: Miracle cure organic germanium. Japan Pub. Inc, pp. 17-25, 1976a
16 Sibille Y, Reynolds HY: Macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in lung defense and injury. Am Rev Respir Dis 141(2) : 471-501, 1990   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
17 Vadas P, Browning J, Edelson J, Pruzanski W: Extracellular phospholipase A2 expression and inflammation: the relationship with associated disease states. J Lipid Mediat 8(1) : 1-30, 1993   PUBMED
18 Asai K: On the medical properties of germanium. ASAI germanium Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1-6, 1976b
19 Sasaki K, Ishikawa M, Monma K, Takanayaki G: Effect of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) on the acute inflammation and CCl4-induced hepatic damage in mice. Pharmacometrics 27(6) : 1119-1131, 1984
20 Aso H, Suzuki F, Yamaguchi T, Hayashi Y, Ebina T, Ishida N:Induction of interferon and activation of NK cells and macrophages in mice by oral administration of Ge-132, an organic germanium compound. Microbiol Immunol 29(1) : 65-74, 1985   PUBMED
21 Suzuki F, Brutkiewicz RR, Pollard RB: Macrophage involvement in the protective effect of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) against murine ascites tumors. Int J Immunotherapr 11 : 239-245, 1986
22 Abraham E: Neutrophils and acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 31(4 Suppl) : S195-199, 2003   DOI   PUBMED
23 Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ: Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Surg 144(1) : 124-130, 1982   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Sung YK: Studies on the antitumor activities of organic germanium compounds and arsenic compounds. Department of pharmacy graduate school, Kyungsung University, 1997
25 Ware LB, Matthay MA: The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 4; 342(18) : 1334-1349, 2000
26 Baughman RP, Gunther KL, Rashkin MC, Keeton DA, Pattishall EN: Changes in the inflammatory response of the lung during acute respiratory distress syndrome: prognostic indicators. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154(1) : 76-81, 1996   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
27 Goldblum SE, Wu KM, Jay M: Lung myeloperoxidase as a measure of pulmonary leukostasis in rabbits. J Appl Physiol 59(6) : 1978-1985, 1985   PUBMED
28 Pittet JF, Mackersie RC, Martin TR, Matthay MA: Biological markers of acute lung injury: prognostic and pathogenetic significance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155(4) : 1187-205, 1997   DOI   PUBMED
29 Yang MK: Study of possibility as antioxidant of Ge-132. J Korean Beauty Society 7(2) : 87-95, 2001
30 Milberg JA, Davis DR, Steinberg KP, Hudson LD: Improved survival of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) : 1983-1993. JAMA 25; 273(4) : 306-309, 1995   DOI   ScienceOn