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http://dx.doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2021.4.647

Variations of Temperature, Chemical Component and Helium Gas of Geothermal Water by Earthquake Events in Pohang Area  

Lee, Yong Cheon (Department of Construction Safety and Disaster Prevention Engineering, Daejeon University)
Jeong, Chan Ho (Department of Construction Safety and Disaster Prevention Engineering, Daejeon University)
Lee, Yu Jin (Department of Construction Safety and Disaster Prevention Engineering, Daejeon University)
Kim, Young-Seog (Department of Geological Environmental, Pukyong National University)
Kang, Tae-Seob (Department of Geological Environmental, Pukyong National University)
Publication Information
The Journal of Engineering Geology / v.31, no.4, 2021 , pp. 647-658 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, the change of temperature, chemical composition, and helium gas of thermal water in Pohang area was observed from January 2018 to June 2019 in order to interpret the relationship with earthquake events. During observation period earthquakes above M 2.0 within 100 km in a radius from a geothermal well occurred 58 including two earthquake events with a magnitude of 3.0~3.9 and two earthquake events with a magnitude of 4.0~4.9. We introduce a q-factor and earthquake effectiveness (ε) to express the influence of each earthquake as magnitude and distance factors. The geothermal well of 715 m deep was developed in the Bulguksa biotite granite, and the water temperature was observed in the variation from 51.8 to 56.3℃ during monitoring period. At M 4.1 and M 4.6 earthquake events, the increase of geothermal water temperature (𝜟T 2.6~4.5℃) was recorded, and slight change in specific ionic components such as SO4 and Cl, and of chemical types on the Piper diagram were observed. In the 3He/4He vs 4He/20Ne diagram, the original mixing ratio of helium isotope before and after the magnitude 4.1 earthquake was slightly changed from 83.0% to 83.2% of crust-origin 4He, and the from 16.3% to 16.7% of mantle-origin 3He. Hot-cold water mixing ratio before and after earthquakes by using the quartz and chalcedony solubility curves of the silica-enthalpy mixing model was calculated to interpret the temperature change of geothermal water. The model calculation shows the increase of 6.93~7.72% and 1.65~4.94% of hot water ratio at E1 and E2 earthquakes, respectively. Conclusively, the magnitude of earthquake for observable change in the temperature and helium isotope of thermal water is of 4.1 or higher and q-factor value of 30.0 or higher in the study site.
Keywords
thermal water; water temperature; helium gas; silica-enthalpy mixing model; q-factor;
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