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http://dx.doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2016.1.117

Permeability and Strength of Cements Exposed to Supercritical CO2 for Varying Periods  

Lee, Hikweon (Geologic Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Kim, Kideok (Geologic Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Kim, Taehee (Geologic Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
Kim, Gyo-Won (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National Univ)
Publication Information
The Journal of Engineering Geology / v.26, no.1, 2016 , pp. 117-128 More about this Journal
Abstract
Chemical reaction tests were performed to assess the properties of hardened specimens of cement pastes (KS-1 Portland and Class G) exposed to supercritical CO2 for 1, 10, and 100 days. After exposure, the samples' measured permeability and strength were compared with values measured for pristine samples. The pristine cements had permeabilities of 0.009~0.025 mD, which increased by one order of magnitude after 100 days of exposure (to 0.11~0.29 mD). The enhancement of permeability is attributed to the stress release experienced by the samples after removal from the pressure vessel after exposure. Despite its enhancement, the measured permeability mostly remained lower than the API (American Petroleum Institute) recommended maximum value of 0.2 mD. The degradation of the cement samples due to exposure to supercritical CO2 led to a layer of altered material advancing inwards from the sample edges. The Vickers hardness in the altered zone was much higher than that in the unaltered zone, possibly owing to the increase in density and the decrease in porosity due to the carbonation that occurred in the altered zone. Hardness close to the edge within the altered zone was found to have decreased significantly, which is attributed to the conversion of C-S-H into less-strong amorphous silica.
Keywords
wellbore integrity; KS-1 ordinary Portland cement; Class G cement; permeability; strength;
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