Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2014.1.39

Weighted Analysis Method for Estimating the Orientation of Limestone Caves in Korea  

Lee, Sang-Kyun (Office of Strategic R&D Planning, Ministry of Trade Industry and Energy)
Park, Hyeong-Dong (Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
The Journal of Engineering Geology / v.24, no.1, 2014 , pp. 39-52 More about this Journal
Abstract
Limestone caves that consist of main passages and branches are formed by a variety of processes, and have the characteristic of developing with a preferred orientation controlled by discontinuities such as bedding, joints, and faults around the cave. However, it is difficult to analyze a representative orientation from various orientations. To interpret the overall development orientation of limestone caves, this study proposes new development orientation analysis methods, termed the Average Span Ratio Method (ASRM) and the Individual Development Ratio Method (IDRM), using the weighting of persistence. Nine limestone caves in Korea were randomly selected for testing the new methods. The methods show a stronger development orientation for limestone caves than that obtained by traditional methods, which consider only the distribution of development orientations. Based on an analysis of the relationship between the average span and the dip angle of bedding, it is confirmed that shallowly dipping bedding is a major contributor to the expansion of span in limestone caves. In addition, using scan-line survey data acquired in the field, we perform an RMR analysis of stability of the ground around limestone caves.
Keywords
limestone cave; development orientation; lineament; discontinuity; fault; RMR;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 ISRM, 1978, International Society for Rock Mechanics, Commission on Standardization of Laboratory and Field Tests. Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses, Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci. And Geomecha. Abstr., 15, 319-368.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Jeong, C. -H., 1991, Lipid survey around Cheongok Cave (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 27, 53-67.
3 Jeong, C. -H., 1993a, A study for geology of Gosu Cave (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 32, 63-76.
4 Jeong, C. -H., 1993b, A study for geography and geology around Hwanseongul (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 34, 11-22.
5 Jeong, C. -H., Kim, B. -W., and Kim, C. -Y., 1994, Physical geographical environment around Ondal Cave (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 36, 38-67.
6 Kangwon National University Resources Development Research Institute (KNURDRI), 1989, A scientific investigation report for Baengnyong Cave (in Korean). 164p.
7 Katz, O., Rechesa Z., and Roegiersc, J. C., 2000, Evaluation of mechanical rock properties using a Schmidt Hammer, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37, 723-728.   DOI
8 Kim, R., 2003a, Geological Investigation of the Gossi Cave and Age of Some stalagmites of the Limestone Caves in Korea, master dissertation, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do South Korea, 168p.
9 Kim, W. -K., Won, J. -S., and Kim, S. -W., 1996, A Technique Assessing Geological Lineaments Using Remotely Sensed Data and DEM : Euiseons Area, Kyungsang Basin (in Korean), Journal of the Korean society of Remote Sensing, 12(2), 139-154.   과학기술학회마을
10 Kim, R., 2011, Environmental Analysis and Management Direction of showcaves in Korea, doctoral dissertation, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do South Korea, 172p.
11 Kim, S. -K., 2003b, A study for development and protection of the environment in Hwanseongul (in Korean), Baewha treatises, 22, 19-36.
12 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 2001, Tectonic map of Korea.
13 Lim, B. -R., Kim, J. -H., and Lee, K. -M., 2003, Geological structure around Geunnam-Wonnam myen Uljin-gun (in Korean), The Korean Geographic Society, Proceedings of the 2003 Autumn Meeting, 11.
14 Masuoka, P. M., Harris, J., Lowman, P. D., and Blodget, H. W., 1988, Digital Processing of Orbital Radar Data to Enhance Geological Structure: Examples from the Canadian Shield, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54, 621-632.
15 National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (NRICH), 2010, Characteristic study report for opening cave of Natural Heritage (in Korean), Natural Heritage Center of National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. 199p.
16 Park, S. J. and Son I., 2005, Discussions on the Distribution and Genesis of Mountain Ranges in the Korean Peninsular (I) : The Identification Mountain Ranges using a DEM and Reconsideration of Current Issues on Mountain Range Maps (in Korean), Journal of the Korean Geographic Society, 40(1), 126-152.   과학기술학회마을
17 Pinnaduwa, H. S. W., Deepa, N. W., and Stephansson O., 1990, Three dimensional stochastic joint geometry modeling including a verification: A case study, Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenge, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1051-1058.
18 Sabins, F. F., 1978, Remote sensing: principles and interpretation, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. 494p.
19 Priest, S. D. and Hudson, J. A., 1981, Estimation of discontinuity spacing and trace length using scanline surveys. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., 18, 183-197.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Randall, C. O., David, J. W., Robert, C. M., Richard, W. H., Robert E. W., and Stanka, S., 1999, A geologic framework in karst: US Geological Survey contributions to the hydrogeology of the Ozarks of Missouri, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology of Sinkholes and Karst, Balkema, Rotterdam, 57-62.
21 Suh, M. -S., 1978, Cave topographical study for petrogenesis and secondary materials of Baengnyong (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 3, 1-6.
22 Waltham, A. C. and Fookes, P. G., 2012, Engineering classification of karst ground conditions, Quarterly Journal of Engineering geology and Hydrogeology, 36, 101-118.
23 Woo, K. -S. and Lee, M. -Y., 2006, Geological study for Cheongok Cave in DongHae-si Kangwon-do (in Korean), Proceedings of the 2007 KOQUA Autumn Meeting, 31.
24 Woo, K. -S., Kim, R., and Choi, Y. -K., 2008, A scientific investigation report for state and preservation value of Nodong Cave (in Korean), Danyang-gun Chungcheongbuk-do, 82p.
25 Bieniawski, Z. T., 1989, Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering, Wiley, New York. 251p.
26 Choi, D. -W. and Woo, K. -S., 1996, A study for petrogenesis and structure of secondary materials for Yongyeon (in Korean), The geological society of Korea, 51th regular general meeting and Conference, 56-57.
27 Attewell, P. B. and Farmer, I. W., 1976, Principles of Engineering Geology. Chapman & Hall, London, 1045p.
28 Baecher, G. B. and Lanney, N. A., 1978, Trace length biases in joint surveys, 19th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, 56-65.
29 Choi, J. -H., Ko, K., Kim, J. -Y., and Kim, Y. -S., 2012, A paleoseismological study based on the damage characteristics of speleothems in limestone cave: a case study from Seongryu Cave in Uljin, Korea (in Korean), Journal of the geological society of Korea, 48(3), 225-240.
30 Choi, Y. -S., 2009, Karst Landforms in Chon-gok dong, Dong-hae Shi, master dissertation, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do South Korea, 46p.
31 Dreybrodt, W., Romanov, D., and Garbrovsek, F., 2002, Karstification below dam sites: a model of increasing leakage from reservoirs, Environmental Geology, 42, 518-524.   DOI
32 Eneko, I., Miguel, A. S., Alberto, F., and Carmen, T., 2010, Geological risk assessment for cultural heritage conservation in karstic caves, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 11(3), 250-258.   DOI
33 Fookes, P. G. and Dennes, B., 1969, Observation studies on fissure patterns in cretaceous sediments of south-east England, Geotechnique, 19, 453-477.   DOI
34 Hong, C. -R., 1995, A study for Cheongok as tourist attraction (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 40, 58-69.
35 Hong, H. -C. and Byun, D. -J., 1993, A study for conformation and characteristic of Ondal (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 34, 23-29.
36 Hong, C. -R. and Byun, D. -J., 1995, Development and environmental evaluation of Hwanseongul in Samcheok (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 43, 37-48.
37 Hong, H. -C., 1991, A study for speleothem of Cheongok(in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 28, 68-84.
38 Hong, H. -C., 2008, A study on the Mechanism of Environmental Pollution in Caves (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 89, 37-45.   과학기술학회마을
39 Hong, S. -H., 1995, A study for speleothem of Ondal Cave (in Korean), Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, 40, 11-38.
40 Culshaw, M. G. and Waltham, A. C., 1987, Natural and artificial cavities as ground engineering hazards, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 20, 139-150.   DOI
41 Kim, R. and Woo, K. -S., 2007, Geological study for Seongnyugul (in Korean), The geological society of Koea, Proceedings of the 2007 Autumn Meeting, 108.