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Nitrate Contamination of Alluvial Groundwaters in the Keum River Watershed Area: Source and Behaviors of Nitrate, and Suggestion to Secure Water Supply  

김경호 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과)
윤성택 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과)
채기탁 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과)
최병영 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과)
김순오 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과)
김강주 (군산대학교 환경공학과)
김형수 (한국 수자원공사 수자원연구소)
이철우 (충북대학교 지구환경과학과)
Publication Information
The Journal of Engineering Geology / v.12, no.4, 2002 , pp. 471-484 More about this Journal
Abstract
Alluviums in the Keum River watershed cover an areal extent of $3,029{\;}\textrm{km}^2$ and contain about 8.1 billion tons of groundwater. However, the waters are severely polluted by nitrate, possibly due to the application of nitrogen fertilizer (>250 N kg/ha) on agricultural land. This paper aims to elucidate the pollution status and behaviors of nitrate in alluvial groundwaters in the Keum River watershed area, based on regional hydrogeochemical study. Most of the collected samples (n = 186) are polluted by nitrate (average = 42.2 mg/L, maximum = 295 mg/L). About 29% of the samples have the nitrate concentrations exceeding Korean Drinking Water Standard (44 mg/L $NO_3$). The distribution of nitrate concentrations in the study area is largely dependant on geochemical environments of alluvial aquifers. In particular, the decrease of redox potential of alluvial groundwaters showed a good correlation with the decreases of nitrate, iron, and manganese concentrations. Thus, the change of redox state in alluvial aquifers, likely reflecting their sedimentary environments, controls both the behavior and fate of nitrogen compounds and their natural attenuation (denitrification) in aquifers. A carbon-rich, silty layer within alluvium strata forms a reducing condition and possesses a buffering capacity on nitrate pollution.
Keywords
Keum River watershed; alluvial groundwaters; hydrogeochemistry; nitrate pollution; denitrification and natural attenuation; agricultural activities; fertilizer;
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