Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/JKES.2003.6.4.236

Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline CoW Thin Film Alloys Electrodeposited from Citrate Baths  

Park, Doek-Yong (Department of Applied Materials Engineering Hanbat National University)
Ko, Jang-Myoun (Department of Chemical Technology Hanbat National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society / v.6, no.4, 2003 , pp. 236-241 More about this Journal
Abstract
Magnetic CoW thin film alloys were electrodeposited from citrate baths to investigate the resulting microstructure and magnetic properties. Deposit tungsten (W) content in the films electrodeposited at $70^{\circ}C$ were independent of current density, while coercivity decreased from hard $(H_{c,//}\~150\;Oe\;and\;H_{c.{\bot}}\;\~240\;Oe)$ to soft magnetic properties $(H_{c,//}\~20\;Oe\;and\;H_{c.{\bot}}\;\~30\;Oe)$ with increasing current densities from $10\;to\;100mA{\cdot}cm^2$, with deposit W content $(\~40\%)$ relatively unaffected by the applied current density. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that hcp $Co_3W$ phases [(200), (201) and (220) planes] in the CoW films electrodeposited at $70^{\circ}C\;and\;10mA{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ were dominant, whereas amorphous CoW phases with small amount of hcp $Co_3W$ [(002) planes] were dominant with deposition at $70^{\circ}C\;and\;100mA{\cdot}cm^{-2}$. At intermediate current densities $(25\;and\;50mA{\cdot}cm^{-2}),\;hop\;Co_3W$ phases [(200), (002), (201) and (220)] were observed. The average grain size was measured to be 30 nm from Sheller formula. It is suggested that the change of the deposit coercivities in the CoW thin films electrodeposited at $70^{\circ}C$ is attributed to the change of microstructures with varying the current density. Nanostructured $Co_3W/amorphous-CoW$ multilayers were fabricated by alternating current density between 10 and $100 mA{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, varying the individual layer thickness. The magnetic properties of $Co_3W/amorphous-CoW$ multilayers were strongly dependent on the thickness of the alternating hard and soft magnetic thin films. The nanostructured $Co_3W/amorphous-CoW$ multilayers exhibited a shift from low to high coercivities suggesting a strong coupling effect.
Keywords
CoW alloy; Magnetic properties; Electrodeposition; Citrate bath; Nanocrystalline;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 E. J. OSullivan, E. I. Cooper, L. T. Romankiw, K. T. Kwietniak, P. L.Trouilloud, J. Horkans, C. V. Jahnes, I. V. Babich, S. Krongelb, S. C.Hegde, J. A. Tomello, N. C. LaBianca, J. M. Cotte, and T. J.Chainer, IBM J. Res. Devetop, 42 (1998) 681   DOI
2 C. Liu, T. Tsao, G.-B. Lee, J. T. S. Leu, Y. W. Yi, Y.-C. Tai, and C-M. Ho, Sensors and Actuators 78 (1999) 190   DOI   ScienceOn
3 F. E. Rasmussen, J. T. Ravnkilde, P. T. Tang, O. Hansen, and S.Bouwstra, Sensors and Actuators A, 92 (2001) 242   DOI   ScienceOn
4 A. Kohn, M. Eizenberg, Y. Shacham-Diamand, B. Israel, and Y.Sverdlov, Micmetectronic Eng. 55 (2001) 297   DOI   ScienceOn
5 A. Kohn, M. Eizenberg, Y. Shacham-Diamand, and Y. Sverdlov, Mater. Sci. Eng. A302 (2001) 18
6 V. G. Shadrow, A. V. Boltushkin, T. A. Tochitsku, and L. B.Sosnovskaja, Thin Solid Fitms, 202 (1991) 61   DOI   ScienceOn
7 U. Admon, M. P. Danel, and E.Grunbaum, J. Appt. Phys. 59 (1986) 2002   DOI
8 Z. A. Hamid, Mater. Lett. 57 (2003) 2558   DOI   ScienceOn
9 M. Naoe, H. Kazama, Y. Hoshi, and S. Yamanaka, J. Appt. Phys. 53 (1982) 7846   DOI
10 M. Svensson, U. Wahlstom, and G. Holmbom, Suif. Coat. Tech. 105 (1998) 218   DOI   ScienceOn
11 T. P. Frantsevich-Zabludovskaya and A.I. Zayats, 7h. Prikt.Khim. 30 (1957) 723
12 T. P. Hoar and I. A. Bucklow, Trans. Inst. Met. Finish. 32 (1955)186
13 T. Homma, K. Inoue, H. Asai, K. Ohrui, T. Osaka, Y. Yamazaki, andT. Namikawa, IEEE Trans. J. Maen. Jpn. 6 (9) (1991) 758   DOI   ScienceOn
14 O. Younes and E. Gileadi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) C 100   DOI   ScienceOn
15 A. Crowson and E.S. Chen, JOM, 43 (1991) 27
16 D.-Y. Park, N. V. Myung, M. Schwartz, and K. Nobe, EIectrochim.Acta, 47 (2002) 289
17 M. Donten, T. Gromulski, and Z. Stojek, J. AUoys and Compounds,279 (1998) 272   DOI   ScienceOn
18 C. G. Fink and F. L. Jones, Tmns. EIectrochem. Soc. 59 (1931) 461   DOI
19 A. Brenner, Electrodeposition of Alloys, Vol. 2, Academic Press,New York, NY, 1963, P. 589
20 S. M. Mayanna, N. Nunichandraiah, and T. Mimani, J. Appl.Etectmchem. 23 (1993) 339   DOI
21 S. M. Mayanna and T. Mimani, Surf. Coat. Technot. 19 (1996) 246
22 P. C. Andricacos and N. Robertson, IBM J. Res. DevetoP, 42 (1998) 671   DOI
23 A. Chiu, I. Croll, D. E. Heim, R. E. Jones, Jr., P. Kasiraj, K.B.Klassen, and C. D. R. G. Simmons, IBM J. Res. DevetoP, 40 (1996)283   DOI