Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2020.25.s1.028

Introduction to the Strategic Sampling Approaches to Construct Optimal Conceptual Model of a Contaminated Site  

Park, Hyun Ji (Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, Korea University)
Kim, Han-Suk (Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, Korea University)
Yun, Seong-Taek (Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, Korea University)
Jo, Ho Young (Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, Korea University)
Kwon, Man Jae (Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, Korea University)
Publication Information
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment / v.25, no.2_spc, 2020 , pp. 28-54 More about this Journal
Abstract
Even though a systematic sampling approach is very crucial in both the general and detailed investigation phases to produce the best conceptual site model for contaminated sites, the concept is not yet established in South Korea. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the 'Strategic Sampling Approaches Technical guide' in 2018 to help environmental professionals choose which sampling approaches may be needed and most effective for given site conditions. The EPA guide broadly defines strategic sampling as the application of focused data collection across targeted areas of the conceptual site model (CSM) to provide the appropriate amount and type of information needed for decision-making. These strategic sampling approaches can prevent the essential data from missing, minimize the uncertainty of projects and secure the data which are necessary for the important site-decisions. Furthermore, these provide collaborative data sets through the life cycle phases of projects, which can generate more positive proofs on the site-decisions. The strategic sampling approaches can be divided by site conditions. This technical guide categorized it into eight conditions; High-resolution site characterization in unconsolidated environments, High-resolution site characterization in fractured sedimentary rock environments, Incremental sampling, Contaminant source definition, Passive groundwater sampling, Passive sampling for surface water and sediment, Groundwater to surface water interaction, and Vapor intrusion. This commentary paper introduces specific sampling methods based on site conditions when the strategic sampling approaches are applied.
Keywords
Strategic sampling approach; High-resolution site characterization; Conceptual site model; Contaminated site;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 이승찬, 김희연, 김효정, 한정호, 김성준, 김종건, 임경재, 2017, 다양한 기저유출 분리 방법을 이용한 4대강 수계의 시간대별(연.계절.월) 기저유출 기여도 분석, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 59, 1-11.
2 최윤호, 박윤식, 류지철, 이동준, 김용석, 최중대, 임경재, 2014, 수계별 주요 유량 지점에 대한 강수량과 기저유출 기여도 분석, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 30, 441-451.   DOI
3 IAEA, 2004, Soil sampling for environmental contaminants, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-1415.
4 Jung, Y., Shin, Y., Won, N.I., and Lim, K.J., 2016, Web-based BFlow system for the assessment of streamflow characteristics at national level, Water, 8, 384. doi:10.3390/w8090384   DOI
5 Jung, Y.Y., Koh, D.C., Yoon, Y.Y., Kwon, H.I., Heo, J., Ha, K., and Yun, S.T., 2019, Using stable isotopes and tritium to delineate groundwater flow systems and their relationship to streams in the Geum River basin, Korea, Journal of Hydrology, 573, 267-280.   DOI
6 Kim, H.R., Kim, K.H., Yu, S., Moniruzzaman, M.d., Hwang, S.I., Lee G.T., and Yun, S.T., 2019, Better assessment of the distribution of Pb and As in soils in a former smelting area, using ordinary co-kriging and sequential Gaussian co-simulation of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) and ICP-AES data, Geoderma, 341, 26-38.   DOI
7 Kwon, J.C., Lee, G., Kim, T.S., Yoon, J.-K., Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, J., and Choi, J., 2016, 정화 보조지표와 시료 채취 방법 제안을 통한 토양정화검증 제도 개선 연구, 지하수토양환경, 21(6), 179-191.
8 Parker, B.L., Cherry, J.A., and Chapman, S.W., 2012, Discrete fracture network approach for studying contamination in fractured rock, AQUA Mundi, 3, 101-116.
9 Noh, S., Kim, Y., Kim, H. Seok, K., Park, M., Bailon, M.X., and Hong, Y., 2020, The performance of diffusive gradient in thin film probes for the long-term monitoring of trace level total mercury in water, Environ Monit Assess, 192, 66.   DOI
10 Oh, Y.Y., Yun, S.T., Yu, S., and Hamm, S.Y., 2017, The combined use of dynamic factor analysis and wavelet analysis to evaluate latent factors regulating complex groundwater level fluctuations in a riverside alluvial aquifer, Journal of Hydrology, 555, 938-955.   DOI
11 Persaud, E., Levison, J., Pehme, P., Novakowski, K., and Parker, B., 2018, Cross-hole fracture connectivity assessed using hydraulic responses during liner installations in crystalline bedrock boreholes, Journal of Hydrology, 556, 233-246.   DOI
12 US EPA, 2018, Strategic sampling approaches technical guide, EPA 542-F-18-005, 2018 (https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/100001800.pdf)
13 Kwon, M.J., O'Loughlin, E., Ham, B., Hwang, Y.H., Shim, M., and Lee, S., 2018, Application of an in-situ soil sampler for assessing subsurface biogeochemical dynamics in a diesel-contaminated coastal site during soil flushing operations, Journal of Environmental Management, 206, 938-948.   DOI
14 Kwon, M.J., Yun, S-T., Ham, B., Lee, J-H., Oh, J-S., and Jheong, W-W., 2017, Impacts of leachates from livestock carcass burial and manure heap sites on groundwater geochemistry and microbial community structure, PLoS ONE, 12(8):e0182579.   DOI
15 Moniruzzaman, M., Lee, J.-H., Jung, K.M., Kwon, J.S., Kim, K.-H., and Yun, S.-T., 2018, Lithologic Control of the Hydrochemistry of a Point-Bar Alluvial Aquifer at the Low Reach of the Nakdong River, South Korea: Implications for the Evaluation of Riverbank Filtration Potential, Water, 10, 1763.   DOI
16 Swyngedouw, C., 2018, Chapter 2 - Sampling Methods for Site Characterization, Editor(s): Benedetto De Vivo, Harvey E. Belkin, Annamaria Lima, Environmental Geochemistry (Second Edition), Elsevier, 13-24 (https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63763-5.00003-3)
17 US EPA, 2016. Groundwater High-Resolution Site Characterization Course. CERCLA Education Center (https://clu-in.org/characterization/technologies/hrsc/hrsctraining.cfm)
18 ITRC, 2012, Incremental Sampling Methodology, ISM-1, Washington, D.C.