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Surface Tension-Water Saturation Relationship as the Function of Soil Particle Size and Aquifer Depth During Groundwater Air Sparging  

Kim, Heon-Ki (Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University)
Kwon, Han-Joon (Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University)
Publication Information
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment / v.14, no.6, 2009 , pp. 65-70 More about this Journal
Abstract
Reduction of groundwater surface tension prior to air sparging (SEAS, surfactant-enhanced air sparging) was known to increase air saturation in the aquifer under influence, possibly enhancing the removal rates of volatile contaminants. Although SEAS was known to be efficient for increasing air saturation, little information is available for different hydrogeological settings including soil particle sizes and the depth of aquifer. We investigated water saturations in the sparging influence zone during SEAS using one-dimensional column packed with sands of different particle sizes and different aquifer depths. An anionic surfactant was used to suppress the surface tension of water. Two different sands were used; the air entry pressures of the sands were measured to be $15.0\;cmH_2O$, and $36.3\;cmH_2O$, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the water saturation-surface tension relationship for sands with different particle sizes. As the surface tension decreased, the water saturation decreased to a lowest point and then it increased with further decrease in the surface tension. Both sands reached their lowest water saturations when the surface tension was set approximately at 42 dyne/cm. SEAS was conducted at three different aquifer depths; 41 cm, 81 cm, and 160 cm. Water saturation-surface tension relationship was consistent regardless of the aquifer depth. The size of sparging influence zone during SEAS, measured using two-dimensional model, was found to be similar to the changes in air saturation, measured using one-dimensional model. Considering diverse hydrogeological settings where SEAS to be applied, the results here may provide useful information for designing SEAS process.
Keywords
Aquifer; Remediation; Air sparging; Surfactant; SVE; SEAS; groundwater;
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