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Development of Analytical Methods for Micro Levels of Naphthalene and TNT in Groundwater by HPLC-FLD and MSD  

Park, Jong-Sung (Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon)
Oh, Je-Ill (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chung-Ang University)
Jeong, Sang-Jo (Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Korea Military Academy)
Choi, Yoon-Dae (Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon)
Her, Nam-Guk (Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon)
Publication Information
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment / v.14, no.6, 2009 , pp. 35-44 More about this Journal
Abstract
Naphthalene and TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) are defined by U.S. EPA as possible carcinogenic compounds known to have detrimental effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human body. There are, however, few researches on methods of analyzing micro-levels of naphthalene and TNT dissolved in groundwater. This study introduces and evaluates the newly developed analytical methods of measuring naphthalene and TNT in groundwater by using HPLC-FLD (Fluorescence detector) and MSD (Mass detector). The MDL, LOQ and salt effect of these methods, respectively, are compared with those of conventional methods which use HPLC-UV. For the analysis of naphthalene, HPLC-FLD was set in the maxima wavelength (Ex: 270 nM, Em: 330 nM) obtained from 3D-Fluorescence to be compared with HPLC-UV in 266 nM wavelength. The MDL ($0.3\;{\mu}g/L$) and LOQ ($2.0\;{\mu}g/L$) of naphthalene by using HPLC-FLD were approximately 80 times lower than those analyzed by HPLC-UV (MDL: $23.3\;{\mu}g/L$, LOQ: $163.1\;{\mu}g/L$). HPLC-MSD were used in comparison with HPLC-UV in 230 and 254 nM wavelength for the analysis of TNT. The MDL ($0.13\;{\mu}g/L$) and LOQ ($0.88\;{\mu}g/L$) of TNT analyzed by using HPLC-MSD were approximately 130 times lower than those obtained by using HPLC-UV in 230 nM (MDL: $16.8\;{\mu}g/L$, LOQ: $117.5\;{\mu}g/L$). The chromatogram of TNT analyzed by using HPLC-UV in 230 nM displayed elevated baseline as the concentration of ${NO_3}^-$ increases beyond 21 mg/L, while the analysis using HPLC-MSD did not demonstrate any change in baseline in presence of ${NO_3}^-$ of 63.7 mg/L which is 3.5 times higher than average concentration in groundwater. In conclusion, HPLC-FLD and HPLC-MSD may be used as suitable methods for the analysis of naphthalene and TNT in groundwater and drinking water. These methods can be applied to the monitoring of naphthalene and TNT concentration in groundwater or drinking water.
Keywords
Naphthalene; TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene); HPLC-FLD (Fluorescence detector); HPLC-MSD (Mass Detector); Salt effects;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
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