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Hydrogeochemistry and Statistical Analysis of Water Quality for Small Potable Water Supply System in Nonsan Area  

Ko, Kyung-Seok (Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
Ahn, Joo-Sung (Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
Suk, Hee-Jun (Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
Lee, Jin-Soo (Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
Kim, Hyeong-Soo (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, KOWACO)
Publication Information
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment / v.13, no.6, 2008 , pp. 72-84 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was carried out to provide proper management plans for small portable water supply system in the Nonsan area through water quality monitoring, hydrogeochemical investigation and multivariate statistical analyses. Nonsan area is a typical rural area heavily depending on small water supply system for portable usage. Geology of the area is composed of granite dominantly along with metasedimentary rocks, gneiss and volcanic rocks. The monitoring results of small portable water supply system showed that 13-21% of groundwaters have exceeded the groundwater standard for drinking water, which is 5 to 8 times higher than the results from the whole country survey (2.5% in average). The major components exceeding the standard limits are nitrate-nitrogen, turbidity, total coliform, bacteria, fluoride and arsenic. High nitrate contamination observed at southern and northern parts of the study area seems to be caused by cultivation practices such as greenhouses. Although Ca and $HCO_3$ are dominant species in groundwater, concentrations of Na, Cl and $NO_3$ have increased at the granitic area indicating anthropogenic contamination. The groundwaters are divided into 2 groups, granite and metasedimentary rock/gneiss areas, with the second principal component presenting anthropogenic pollution by cultivation and residence from the principal components analysis. The discriminant analysis, with an error of 5.56% between initial classification and prediction on geology, can explain more clearly the geochemical characteristics of groundwaters by geology than the principal components analysis. Based on the obtained results, it is considered that the multivariate statistical analysis can be used as an effective method to analyze the integrated hydrogeochemical characteristics and to clearly discriminate variations of the groundwater quality. The research results of small potable water supply system in the study area showed that the groundwater chemistry is determined by the mixed influence of land use, soil properties, and topography which are controlled by geology. To properly control and manage small water supply systems for central and local governments, it is recommended to construct a total database system for groundwater environment including geology, land use, and topography.
Keywords
Small potable water supply system; Geology; Land use; Principal components analysis; Discriminant analysis;
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