Browse > Article

A Case Study of Monitored Natural Attenuation at the Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Site : II. Evaluation of Natural Attenuation by Groundwater Monitoring  

Yun Jeong Ki (국립환경연구원)
Lee Min Hyo (국립환경연구원)
Lee Suk Young (삼성건설 기술연구소)
Noh Hoe Jung (국립환경연구원)
Kim Moon Soo (국립환경연구원)
Lee Kang Kun (서울대학교)
Yang Chang Sool (건국대학교)
Publication Information
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment / v.9, no.3, 2004 , pp. 38-48 More about this Journal
Abstract
Natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbon was investigated at an industrial complex about 45 Km away from Seoul. The three-years monitoring results indicated that the concentrations of DO, nitrate, and sulfate in the contaminated area were significantly lower than the background monitoring groundwater under the non-contaminated area. The results also showed a higher ferrous iron concentration, a lower redox potential, and a higher (neutral) pH in the contaminated groundwater, suggesting that biodegradation of TEX(Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) is the major on-going process in the contaminated area. Groundwater in the contaminated area is anaerobic, and sulfate reduction is the dominant terminal electron accepting process in the area. The total attenuation rate was about 0.0017∼0.0224day$^{-1}$ and the estimated first-order degradation rate constant(λ) was 0.0008∼0.0106day$^{-1}$ . However, the reduction of TEX concentration in the groundwater was resulted from not only biodegradation but also dilution and reaeration through recharge of uncotaminated surface and groundwater. The natural attenuation was, therefore, found to be an effective, on-going remedial process at the site.
Keywords
biodegradation; petroleum hydrocarbon; groundwater; natural attenuation; TEX;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Wiedemeier, T.H., Wilson, J.T., Kampbell, D.H., Miller, R.N., and Hansen, J. Technical protocol for implementing intrinsic remediation with long-term monitoring for natural attenuation of fuel contamination dissolved in groundwater, Volume I & 2, Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Technology Transfer Division, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, Texas (1995)
2 Lee,J.Y., Hydrogeological investigation and attenuation characteristics for a petroleum contaminated site, Thesis for A Ph.D. degree, school of earth and environmental sciences, Seoul National University (2001)
3 Christensen, T.H., Bjerg, P.L., Banart, S.A., Jakobsen, R, Heron, G., and Albrechtsen, H., 'Characterization of redox conditions in groundwater contaminant plumes', J. Contam. Hydro., 45, pp. 165-241 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Buscheck, T.E., and Alcantar, C.M., Regression techniques and analytical solutions to demonstrate intrinsic bioremediation. In, Proceedings of the 1995 Battelle International Conference on In-Situ and On Site Bioreclamation, April 1995
5 Montgomery, R.H., Loftis, J.C., and Harris, J., 'Statistical characteristics of ground-water quality variables', Ground Water, 25(2), pp 176-184(1987)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Borden, R.C., Gomez, C.A., Becker, M.T., 'Geochemical indicators of intrinsic bioremediation', Ground Water, 33, pp. 180-189 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Schirmer, M., Durrant, G.C., Molson, J.W., and Frind, E.O., 'Influence of transient flow on contaminant biodegradation', Ground Water, 39(2), pp. 276-282 (2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Cozzarelli, I.M., Herman, J.S., Baedecker, M.J., and Fischer, J.M., 'Geochemical heterogeniety of a gasoline-contaminated aquifer', J. Contam. Hydro., 40, pp. 261-284 (1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Farr, A.M., Houghtalen, R.J., and McWhorter, D.B. 'Volume estimation of light nonaqueous phase liquids in porous medi', Ground Water, 28(1), pp. 48-56 (1990)   DOI
10 Reddi, L.N., Wei Han, Banks, M.K., 'Mass loss from pools under fluctuation water table conditions', J. Environ. Eng., 124(12), pp. 1171-1177 (1998)   DOI
11 Postgate, J.R., The sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cambridge University Press, New York (1984)
12 Yun, J.K., Application and evaluation of monitored natural attenuation at a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated site, Thesis for A Ph.D. degree, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University (2003)
13 Fetter, C.W. Contaminant Hydrogeology, MacMillan, New York, New York (1993)
14 Alexander, M. 'Biodegradation of chemicals of environmental concern' Science, 211(9), pp132-138(1981)
15 Newell, C.J., McLeod, R.K., and Gonzeles, J.R., Bioscreen: Natural attenuation decision support system, Version 1.4. prepared for the Air Force Center For Environmental Excellence, Brooks AFB, Texas (1997)
16 Rugge, K., Bjerg, P.L., and Chritensen, T.R., 'Distribution of organic compounds from municipal solid waste in the groundwater downgradient of a landfill(Grindsted, Denmark)', Environ. Sci. Technl., 29(5), pp. 1935-1400 (1995)
17 Lee, J.Y., Cheon, J.Y., Lee, K.K., Lee, M.H., and Yun, J.K., 'A study on tracer transport in a shallow porous aquifer', Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 37(2), pp. 309-316 (2001)
18 Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence(AFCEE). Natural attenuation of fuel hydrocarbons performance and cost results from multiple air force demonstration sites. Parsons Engineering Science, Inc (1999)
19 Seagren, E.A, Rittmann, B.E., and Valocchi, A.J., 'Quantitative evaluation of the enhancement of NAPL-pool dissolution by flushing and biodegradation', Environ. Sci. Technol, 28(5), pp. 833-839.(1994)   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Cozzarelli, I.M., Herman,J.S., and Baedecker, M.J., 'Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a Coastal Plain aquifer; the role of electron acceptors', Environ. Sci. Technl., 29, pp. 459-469 (1995)
21 Cho, J.S., Wilson, J.T., DiGiulio, D.C., Vardy, J.A., and Choi, W.H. 'Implementation of natural attenuation at a JP-4 jet fuel release after active remediation', Biodegradation, 8, pp. 265-273 (1997)   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Bjerg, P.L., Rugge, K., Pedersen, J.K., and Christensen, T.H., 'Distribution of redox-sensitive groundwater quality parameters downgradient of a landfill(Grindsted, Denmark)', Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(5), pp.1387-1394 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Lee, C.H., Lee, J.Y., Cheon, J.Y., and Lee, K.K., 'Attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons in smear zones: Case study', J. Environ. Eng., 127(7), pp. 639-647 (2001)   DOI   ScienceOn