A Study on the Change and Management of Historical Landscape Forest of Taeneung, Joseon Dynasty Royal Tomb, Seoul, Korea

This study area for this research was the Taereung of the 2009 World Heritage-listed Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. The Taereung space was divided into that of the royal tomb space, religious service space, transposition space and entry space. The original vegetation is assumed to have been planted at the right, left and backside of the tomb based on historical research literature. Regarding the original vegetation landscape of Taeneung, it was assumed that Pinus densiflora was distributed around the tomb lines and tomb space, Pinus densiflora was distributed in the religion services space and transposition and Alnus japonica was distributed in the entry space. By the present status of vegetation in Taeneung, the Pinus densiflora forest was the widest area with 50.3% with the broadleaf forest at 33.7%. Quercus aliena, Quercus acutissima, and Quercus mongolica were the main species found in Taeneung. The planting area was 7.9% and Pinus densiflora were the main species planted. To analyze the plant community structure of Taeneung, 108 plots were set and divided into four spaces. The importance of the percentage of those districts was analyzed on a spatial basis and it was found that the current dominant species of the tomb space was Pinus densiflora. However, as Pinus densiflora began dying out, the power of Quercus acutissima increased and an ecological succession from the Pinus densiflora forest to Quercus aliena forest was made. In the spaces of religious services and transposition, Pinus densiflora was decreasing and Quercus spp. was expanded. In the space of entry, the dominant species were Pinus densiflora and Quercus aliena, Pinus densiflora and Quercus aliena. As soil of this area is argillaceous, Pinus densiflora is expected to disappear in the end. The prior vegetation(assumed) and present vegetation of Taeneung were compared and analyzed and a goal of vegetation management and the way in which to manage vegetation were suggested. The goal of vegetation landscape management was to analyze ecological characteristics and vegetation changes, maintain and restore a landscape suitable for historical landscape forests by space. About the space of the tomb, Pinus densiflora forests and Pinus densiflora planting zones forests should be maintained and there should be efforts to restore and manage the Pinus densiflora forests, instead of the Quercus spp. forests. About the space of religious services, Pinus densiflora forests and Pinus densiflora planting zones should be maintained and managed and there should be efforts to restore and manage Pinus densiflora forests to replace Quercus spp. Pinus densiflora forests in the space of transposition should be maintained and managed and Pinus densiflora forests should be restored to replace Quercus spp. trees. Alnus japonica forests should be restored in the space of entry.

조선왕릉 태릉(泰陵)의 역사경관림 변화와 관리방안

본 연구는 2009년 세계문화유산으로 등재된 조선왕릉 중 태릉을 대상으로 능침공간, 제향공간, 전이공간, 진입공간으로 공간을 구분하고, 과거 문헌고증을 통해 능 조영 당시 능의 좌우 및 후면에 식재된 원식생을 파악하였다. 태릉의 공간별 원식생 경관 중 능침공간의 능선 주변, 제향공간, 전이공간은 소나무로 추정하였고, 진입공간은 오리나무로 추정하였다. 태릉의 현존식생은 소나무림이 50.3%로 가장 넓게 분포하였고, 낙엽활엽수림은 33.7%로 갈참나무, 상수리나무, 신갈나무가 주요 출현종이었다. 식재지는 7.9%로 주요 수종은 소나무와 잔디 등이었다. 태릉 식물군집구조는 총 108개 조사구를 설정하여 총 4개의 공간으로 구분하였다. 공간별로 조사구의 상대우점치를 분석한 결과, 능침공간 현재 우점종은 소나무이었지만, 소나무는 도태되고, 상수리나무의 세력이 확대되고 있었으며, 소나무림이 갈참나무로 천이가 진행되고 있었다. 제향공간, 전이공간은 소나무가 도태되고 있었으며, 참나무류의 세력이 확대되고 있었다. 진입공간 우점종은 소나무, 갈참나무이었으며, 원식생인 오리나무가 사라지고, 소나무와 갈참나무로 변화되었는데, 이 지역은 점토질 토양으로 장기적으로 소나무는 도태될 것으로 판단되었다. 태릉의 과거식생(추론)과 현존식생을 비교 분석하여 식생경관관리 목표와 방안을 제시하였다. 식생경관관리 목표는 생태적 특성 및 식생변화를 분석하여 공간별 역사경관림에 부합하는 경관유지 및 복원을 목표로 하였다. 능침공간은 소나무림과 소나무식재지로 유지 관리하고, 기타 참나무류림을 소나무림으로 복원, 제향공간은소나무림과 소나무식재지로 유지관리하고, 참나무류림을 소나무림으로순차적 복원, 전이공간의 소나무림은 유지 관리하고, 참나무류림은 소나무림으로 복원, 진입공간은 순차적으로 오리나무림으로 복원하는 것으로 제시하였다.