[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service

http://dx.doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2018.39.1.67

Comparison of the Paleontological Heritages of South Korea with Those of North Korea: Implications for Potential International Heritages

Kim, Jeong Yul (Department of Earth Science Education, Korea National University of Education)
Park, Won Mi (Department of Earth Science Education, Korea National University of Education)

Publication Information

Journal of the Korean earth science society / v.39, no.1, 2018 , pp. 67-88 More about this Journal

Abstract

The important PH (paleontological heritages) with scientific, educational and esthetic values designated as natural monuments and protected by legislations of South and North Koreas are herein compared for the first time. On the basis of data (Jan. 2017) provided by the Cultural Heritage Administration of (South) Korea, a total of 457 natural monuments was designated. Of these, geological heritages are 80 in number, which includes 24 (30%) PH. Data (Dec. 2005) of North Korea show that a total of 474 natural monuments was designated. Among these, geological and geographical ones are 154 in number, which includes 22 (14%) PH. Differences between PH of South and North Koreas are regarded to be directly related with geological difference in distribution of the fossil-bearing strata between South and North Koreas. PH of Silurian corals, Devonian plants, Jurassic fishes, Cretaceous dinosaur tracks, birds (so called Korean Archaeopteryx) and pterosaurs, and Pleistocene paleoanthropological fossils appear to be scientifically significant. Together with these North Korean PH, scientific, esthetic, conservational, educational, and economical values of important PH including KCDC (Korean Cretaceous Dinosaur Coast), Jigunsan Shale, and Geumgwangdong Shale of South Korea should be evaluated as potential future candidates for international heritages.

Keywords

Paleontological heritages; South and North Koreas; natural monuments; geological difference; history of life;

Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By KSCI : 6 (Citation Analysis)

Reference
Cited By KSCI

1	Kim, J.H., Kim, H.S., Lee, B.J., Kim, J.M. and Lee, H.K., 2002, A new species of Leptostrobus from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of the Nampo Group in Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 23, 30-37.
2	Kim, J.H., 2015, Diversity of fossil woods from the Korean Peninsula. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 36, 51-58 (in Korean with English summary). DOI
3	Kim, J.H. and Lee, G.H., 2015, Fossil Conchostraca from the Amisan Formation of the Nampo Group, Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 36, 181-189 (in Korean with English summary). DOI
4	Kim, J.H., Lee, C.K., and Choi, E.Y., 2015, Margaritifera cf. isafarensis (Chernishev) from the Amisan Formation, Nampo Group, Korea. Journal of The Geological Society of Korea, 51, 357-362 (in Korean with English summary). DOI
5	Kim, J.Y., 1997, Spatial distribution patterns of nonmarine trace fossil, Diplocraterion luniforme, from the Hasandong Formation (Cretaceous) of Jinju area, Kyeongsangnamdo, Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 18, 267-275.
6	Kim, J.Y. and Choi, K.S., 2003, Comparison of geological terminology used in South and North Koreas. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 24, 691-704 (in Korean with English summary).
7	Kim, J.Y. and Han, S.H., 2010, Geology and fossil localities of stromatolites on Socheong Island. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 31, 8-17 (in Korean with English summary).
8	Kim, J.Y. and Heo, W.H., 1997, Shell beds and trace fossils of the Seogwipo Formation (Early Pleistocene), Jeju Island, Korea. Ichnos: An International Journal of Plant & Animal, 5, 89-99.
9	Kim, J.Y. and Kim, T.S., 1999, Occurrence and geological significance of stromatolites from Precambrian Strata in the Socheong Island, Incheon, Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 20, 111-125.
10	vila, S.P., Cacho, M., Ramalho, R.S., Botelho, A.Z., Madeira, P., Rebelo, A.C., Cordeiro, R., Melo, C., Hiplito, A., Ventura, M.A., and Lipps, J.H., 2016, The palaeontological heritage of Santa Maria Island (Azores: NE Atlantic): A re-evaluation of geosites in GeoPark Azores and their use in geotourism. Geoheritage, 8, 155-171. DOI
11	Nam, K.S. and Kim J.H., 2014, Occurrence of Fossil Mesopsyche dobrokhotovae in the Late Triassic Amisan Formation, Nampo Group, Korea and its geological implication. Journal of Korean Earth Science Society, 35, 161-167 (in Korean with English summary). DOI
12	Nam, K.S., Wang, Y., Ren, D., Kim, J.H., and Szwedo, J., 2017, An extraordinary palaeontinid from the Triassic of Korea and its significance. Scientific reports, 7, 40691. DOI
13	Norton, C.J., 2000, The current state of Korean paleoanthropology. Journal of Human Evolution, 38, 803-825. DOI
14	Paek, R.J., Kang, H.G., and Jon, G.P. (eds.), 1996, Geology of Korea. Foreign Languages Books Publishing House, Pyongyang, DPR of Korea, 629 p.
15	Paik, I.S., Kim, H.J., Kim, K.S., Jeong, E.K., Kang, H.C., Lee, H.I. and Uemura, K., 2012, Leaf beds in the Early Miocene lacustrine deposits of the Geumgwangdong Formation, Korea: Occurrence, plant-insect interaction records, taphonomy and palaeoenvironmental implications. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 170, 1-14. DOI
16	Pak, I.S. and Kim, Y.N., 1996, Section 5. Mesozoic Era. In: Paek, R.J., Kang, H.S., and Jon, G.P. (eds.), Geology of Korea, Foreign Language Books Publishing House, Pyongyang, North Korea, 155-188.
17	Kim, J.Y. and Lockley, M.G., 2012, New sauropod tracks (Brontopodus pentadactylus ichnosp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation of Jinju area, Korea: implications for sauropods manus morphology. Ichnos, 19, 84-92. DOI
18	Kim, J.Y. and Lockley, M.G., 2016, First report of turtle tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of Korea. Cretaceous Research, 64, 1-6. DOI
19	Kim, J.Y. and Paik, I.S., 1997, Nonmarine Diplocraterion luniforme (Blankenhorn 1916) from the Hasandong Formation (Cretaceous) of the Jinju area, Korea. Ichnos, 5, 131-138. DOI
20	Kim, J.Y., Lee, H.N., and Cheong, C.H., 1999, Occurrence of Carboniferous corals from the Geumcheon Formation of Danyang area, Korea. Paleontological Research, 3, 49-56.
21	Bae, C.J., 2010, The Late Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record of eastern Asia: Synthesis and review. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 53, 75-93.
22	Baek, K.S. and Yang, S.Y., 1998, Preliminary report on the Cretaceous bird tracks of the Lower Haman Formation, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 34, 94-104 (in Korean with English summary).
23	Cho, H.S. and Kim, J.Y., 2007, Graptolite biostratigraphy and its correlation of the Mungok and Yeonghung formations at Yeongwol area, Korea. Geosciences Journal, 11, 23-38. DOI
24	Cho, H.S., Kim, J.Y., and Jin, Y.P., 2009, Phylogenetic relationships among Adelograptus, Ancoragraptus and Psigraptus. Geosciences Journal, 13, 133-139. DOI
25	Choi, D.K., 2007, Trilobite research in South Korea during the 20th century. In: Mikalic, D., Landing, E., and Kluessendorf, J. (eds.), Fabulous Fossils, The University of the State New York, 81-95.
26	Choi, D.K. and Chough, S.K., 2005, The Cambrian-Ordovician stratigraphy of the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea: a review. Geosciences Journal, 9, 187-214. DOI
27	Choi, D.K. and Hwang, H.A., 2004, Trends in paleontological research in Korea during the last twenty years (1984-2003). In: Lee, K.C., Lee, S.J., Choi, D.K., Lee, J.D., and Lee, Y.N. (eds.), Paleontology of Korea, Paleontological Society of Korea, 1-36 (in Korean with English abstract).
28	Choi, D.K., Kim, D.H., Shon, J.W. and Lee, S.B., 2003, Trilobite faunal successions across the Cambrian- Ordovician boundary intervals in Korea and their correlation with China and Australia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21, 781-793.
29	Park, J.Y., Evans, S.E., and Huh, M., 2015, The first lizard fossil (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Mesozoic of South Korea. Cretaceous Research, 55, 292-302. DOI
30	Park, S.J., 2006, L'hominid du Plistocne suprieur en Core The Upper Pleistocene hominid in Korea. L'anthropologie, 110, 162-174. DOI
31	Ri, S.D. and Ri, K.C., 1994, Handbook of Natural Monuments. Agriculture Publishing Company, Pyongyang, North Korea, 195 p. (in Korean).
32	Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S., and Pickerill, R.K., 2002, Cretaceous nonmarine trace fossils from the Hasandong and Jinju formations of the Namhae area, Kyongsangnamdo, southeast Korea. Ichnos, 9, 41-60.
33	Kim, J.Y., Keighley, D.G., Pickerill, R.K., Hwang, W., and Kim, K.S., 2005a, Trace fossils from marginal lacustrine deposits of the Cretaceous Jinju Formation, southern coast of Korea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 218, 105-124.
34	Kim, J.Y., Kwon, J.Y., Kim, K.S., and Cho, H.S., 2005b, Graptolites from the Jigunsan Shale of Taebaeg area, Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 26, 137-148.
35	Kim, J.Y., Cho, H.S., and Erdtmann, B.D., 2006a, Psigraptus jacksoni from the Early Ordovician Mungok Formation, Yeongwol area, Korea: Taxonomy and development. Alcheringa, 30, 11-22.
36	Kim, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Kim, K.S., and Lockley, M.G., 2006b, The oldest record of webbed bird and pterosaur tracks from South Korea (Cretaceous Haman Formation, Changseon and Sinsu Islands): More evidence of high avian diversity in East Asia. Cretaceous Research, 27, 56-69. DOI
37	Choi, D.K., Chough, S.K., Kwon, Y.K., Lee, S.B., Woo, J.S., Kang, I.S., Lee, H.S., Lee, S.M., Sohn, J.W., Shinn, Y.J. and Lee, D.J., 2004, Taebaek Group (Cambrian-Ordovician) in the Seokgaejae section, Taebaeksan Basin: A refined lower Paleozoic stratigraphy in Korea. Geosciences Journal, 8, 125-151. DOI
38	Choi, D.K., Kim, E.Y. and Lee, J.G., 2008, Upper Cambrian polymerid trilobites from the Machari Formation, Yeongwol, Korea. Geobios, 41, 183-204.
39	Choi, P. and Hwang, J.H., 2013, Geological report of the Gunsan, Buan, Bangchukdo, Jangjado sheets. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 76 p. (in Korean with English summary).
40	Dingwell, P., Weighell, T., and Badman, T., 2005, Geological World Heritage: A global framework. A Contribution to the Global Theme Study of World Heritage Natural Sites. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 51 p.
41	Egawa, K. and Lee, Y.I., 2011, K- Ar dating of illites for time constraint on tectonic burial metamorphism of the Jurassic Nampo Group (West Korea). Geosciences Journal, 15, 131-135. DOI
42	Endere, M.L. and Prado, J.L., 2015, Characterization and valuation of paleontological herigate: A perspective from Argentina. Geoherigate, 7, 137-145.
43	Gao, K.Q., Li, Q, Wei, M, Pak, H.U., and Pak, I.S., 2009, Early Cretaceous birds and pterosaurs from the Sinuju Series, and geographic extension of the Jehol biota into the Korean Peninsula. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, 25, 57-61.
44	Gottsche, C., 1884, Auffindung Cambrischer Schichten in Korea. Zeitschrift der Deutchen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 36, 875-880. (in German).
45	Haag, N.A. and Henriques, M.H., 2016, The paleontological heritage of the Acre (Amazonia, Brazil): Contribution towards a national paleontological database. Geoheritage, 8, 381-391. DOI
46	Santucci, V.L., Newman, P., and Taff, B.D., 2016, Toward a conceptual framework for assessing the human dimensions of paleontological resources. In: Sullivan, R.M. and Lucas, S.G., (eds.), Fossil Record 5, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 74, 239-248.
47	Schemm-Gregory, M. and Henriques, M.H., 2013, The Devonian brachiopod collections of Portugal-a Palaeontological Heritage. Geoheritage, 5, 107-122. DOI
48	Seo, K.S., Lee, H.Y., and Ethington, R.L., 1994, Early Ordovician conodonts from the Dumugol Formation in the Baegunsan Syncline, eastern Yeongweol and Samcheog areas, Kangweon-Do, Korea. Journal of Paleontology, 68, 599-616. DOI
49	Shim, H.B., 2017, Boring fossils from the Miocene Chunbuk Conglomerate of the Yongrag Valley in Gyeongju City, Korea. Unpublished Msc thesis, Korea National University of Education, 87 p.
50	Woo, K.S., Yoon, H.S., Lee, K.S. et al., 2005, Paleoclimatic investigation from the lacustrine stromatolites of the Sinyangdong Formation, Gyeongsang Basin (Korea). Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 41, 1-17 (in Korean with English summary).
51	Yabe, H., 1903, On the plant fossils from Naktong, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 10, 586 (in Japanese).
52	Yang, S.Y., 1982, On the dinosaur's footprints from the Upper Cretaceous Gyeongsang Group Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 18, 37-48 (in Korean with English summary).
53	Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S., Lockley, M.G., Yang, S.Y., Seo, S.J., Choi, H.I., and Lim, J.D., 2008, New didactyl dinosaur footprints (Dromaeosauripus hamanensis ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation, south coast of Korea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 262, 72-78. DOI
54	Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Kim, H.M., Lim, J.D., and Kim, K.S., 2009, New dinosaur tracks from Korea, Ornithopodichnus masanensis ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. (Jindong Formation, Lower Cretaceous): implications for polarities in ornithopod foot morphology. Cretaceous Research, 30, 1387-1397. DOI
55	Kim, J.Y., Yang, S.Y., Choi, H.I., Seo, S.J., and Kim, K.S., 2011, Dinosaur eggs from the Cretaceous Goseong Formation of Tongyeong city, southern coast of Korea. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, 27, 13-26.
56	Henderson, J.C., 2007, Communism, heritage and tourism in East Asia. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 13, 240-254. DOI
57	Henriques, M.H. and dos Reis, R.P., 2015, Framing the palaeontological heritage within the geological heritage: An integrative vision. Geoheritage, 7, 249-259. DOI
58	Hong, S.K., Jang, T.S., Kim, C.G., Pak, J.N., Pak, Y.H., Pak, Y.C., Ri, H.S., and Ri, S.D., 1997, Paleontological Fossils of Korea. The Korean Publications Exchange Association, North Korea, 112 p.
59	Hong, P.S., Lee, J.G., and Choi, D.K., 2003, The Late Cambrian trilobite Irvingella from the Machari Formation, Korea: Evolution and correlation. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 70, 175-196.
60	Huh, M. and Zelenitsky, D.K., 2002, Rich dinosaur nesting site from the Cretaceous of Bosung County, Chullanam-Do Province, South Korea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, 716-718. DOI
61	Huh, M., Lim, S.K., Yang, S.Y., and Hwang, K.G., 1997, A preliminary report on the Cretaceous dinosaur tracks from the Uhangri Formation, Haenam, Korea. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, Special Publication, 2, 1-16.
62	Huh, M., Paik, I.S., Lockley, M.G., Hwang, K.G., Kim, B.S., and Kwak, S.K., 2006, Well-preserved theropod tracks from the Upper Cretaceous of Hwasun County, southwestern Korea and their paleobiological implications. Cretaceous Research, 27, 123-138. DOI
63	Huh, M., Lee, D.G., Kim, J.K., Lim, J.D., and Godefroit, P., 2010, A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of South Korea. Neues Jahrbuch fr Geologie und Palontologie-Abhandlungen, 259, 1-24.
64	Huh, M., Yang, S.Y., Seo, S.J., Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S., Lim, J.D., and Kong, D.Y., 2011, Dinosaur Fossils of Korea. Gungri Press, Seoul, Korea, 296 p.
65	Yang, S.Y., Lockley, M.G., Greben, R., Erickson, B.R., and Lim, S.K., 1995, Flamingo and duck-like bird tracks from the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary: evidence and implication. Ichnos, 4, 21-34.
66	Lee, E.H., 2014, New cytheracean ostracod fossils from the Plio-Pleistocene Seogwipo Formation of the Jeju Island, Korea. Geosciences Journal, 18, 281-293. DOI
67	Lee, H.Y., 1980, Discovery of Silurian conodont fauna from South Korea. Geological Society of Korea, 16, 114-123 (in Koean with English summary).
68	Lee, H.Y., 1982, Conodonts from the Hoedongri Formation (Silurian), western Jeongseon area, Kangweondo, South Korea. Journal of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea, Natural Science Series, 21, 43-131.
69	Lee, K.C., Lee, S.J., Choi, D.K., Lee, J.D., Yun, H.S., and Lee, Y.N., (eds.), 2004, Paleontology of Korea. The Paleontological Society of Korea, 458 p. (in Korean with English summary).
70	Huh, M., Lockley, M.G., Kim, K.S., Kim, J.Y., and Gwak, S.G., 2012, First report of Aquatilavipes from Korea: New finds from Cretaceous strata in the Yeosu Islands Archipelago. Ichnos, 19, 43-49. DOI
71	Huh, M., Kim, B.S., Woo, Y., Simon, D.J., Paik, I.S., and Kim, H.J., 2014, First record of a complete giant theropod egg clutch from Upper Cretaceous deposits, South Korea. Historical Biology, 26, 218-228.
72	Yang, S.Y., Kim, J.Y., Paik, I.S., Yun, C.S., Lee, K.C., Lee, D.C., Lee., Y.G., Lim, J.D., Chun, H.Y., and Huh, M., 2013, Megafossils of Korea. Academybook, Seoul, 426 p. (in Korean).
73	Yi, S., 1998, Palynofossils from the Early Middle Miocene deposits of Kachi-1 Well in Block II, Yellow Sea Basin, Korea. Palaeobotanist, 47, 116-133.
74	Yi, S., Yi, S., Batten, D.J., Yun, H., and Park, S.J., 2003, Cretaceous and Cenozoic non-marine deposits of the Northern South Yellow Sea Basin, offshore western Korea: palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 191, 15-44. DOI
75	Yoon, S., 1975, Geology and paleontology of the Tertiary Pohang Basin, Pohang District, Korea. Part 1, Geology. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 11, 187-213.
76	Yoon, S., 1976, The geological and paleontological study of the Tertiary deposits of the Janggi-Eol districts of Korea. Busan University Journal, 12, 63-77.
77	Yoon, S., 1992, Geology of the Tertiary Yangnam and Pohang Basins, Korea. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, 19, 13-31.
78	Yoon, S. and Rhee, S.H., 1982, Discovery of Vicarya from the Tertiary Pohang Basin, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 18, 49-52.
79	Yun, C.S., 1999a, Ordovician cephalopods from the Maggol Formation of Korea. Paleontological Research, 3, 202-221.
80	Yun, C.S., 1999b, Three Ordovician cephalopods from the Jigunsan Formation of Korea. Paleontological Research, 3, 65-80.
81	Lee, S.J., Kim, J.Y., and Lee, K.C., 2003, Bacterial microfossils from Precambrain sedimentary rocks, Socheong Island, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 39, 171-182 (in Korean with English abstract).
82	Lee, Y.G. and Yoon, S., 2004, Cenozoic bivalves and gastropod. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, Special publication, 7, 217-224.
83	Lee, Y.J., and Woo, J.Y., 2006, La culture du Palolithique dans la region de Jungwon en Core. Paleolithic Culture in the Jungwon Region of Korea. L'anthropologie, 110, 175-186. DOI
84	Lee, Y.N., Cheong, K.S., and Chang, S.K., 2000, The preliminary research on the dinosaur eggs and nests found in the reclaimed area south to the Siwha Lake, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, 16, 27-36.
85	Lee, Y.N., Lee, H.J., L, J., and Kobayashi, Y., 2008, New pterosaur tracks from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong County, South Korea. Cretaceous Research, 29, 345-353
86	Lee, Y.N., Ryan, M.J., and Kobayashi, Y., 2011, The first ceratopsian dinosaur from South Korea. Naturwissenschaften, 98, 39-49. DOI
87	Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Seo, S.J., Kim, K.S., Kim, S.H., and Baek, K.S., 2012a, A paradise of Mesozoic birds: The world's richest and most diverse Cretaceous bird track assemblage from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation of the Gajin tracksite, Jinju, Korea. Ichnos, 19, 28-42. DOI
88	Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Kim, K.S., Seo, S.J., and Lim, J.D., 2012b, Enigmatic giant pterosaur tracks and associated ichnofauna from the Cretaceous of Korea: Implication for the bipedal locomotion of pterosaurs. Ichnos, 19, 50-65. DOI
89	Zhao, F., Hu, S., Caron, J.B., Zhu, M., Yin, Z., and Lu, M., 2012, Spatial variation in the diversity and composition of the Lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Chengjiang Biota, Southewest China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 346-347, 54-65. DOI
90	Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Woo, J.O., and Kim, S.H., 2012c, Unusual didactyl tracks from the Jinju Formation (Early Cretaceous, South Korea) indicate a new ichnospecies of Dromaeosauripus. Ichnos, 19, 75-83. DOI
91	Kim, J.Y. and Lockley, M.G., 2012d, New sauropod tracks (Brontopodus pentadactylus ichnosp. nov.) and from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation of Jinju area, Korea: Implications for sauropods manus morphology. Ichnos, 19, 84-92. DOI
92	Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Seo, S.J., Kim, K.S., Kim, S.H., and Baek, K.S., 2012e, A paradise of Mesozoic birds: The world's richest and most diverse Cretaceous bird track assemblage from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation of the Gajin tracksite, Jinju, Korea. Ichnos, 19, 28-42. DOI
93	Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Huh, M., Lim, J.D., and Kim, K.S., 2012f, A paradise for Mesozoic vertebrates: Diverse, world-class, dinosaur, bird, and pterosaur tracksites from the Cretaceous of Korea. The 11th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, p. 109-111.
94	Kim, J.Y., Kim, M.K., Oh, M.S., and Lee, C.Z., 2013, A new semi-palmate bird track, Gyeongsangornipes lockleyi ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., and Koreanaornis from the early Cretaceous Jindong Formation of Goseong county, southern coast of Korea. Ichnos, 20, 72-80.
95	Yun, C.S., 2002, Faunal and biogeographical characteristics of the Ordovician cephalopods from Korea. Anhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 57, 555-569.
96	Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., and Chun, H.Y., 2016, New dinosaur tracks from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) Saniri Formation of Yeongdong area, central Korea: Implications for quadrupedal ornithopod locomotion. Cretaceous Research, 61, 5-16. DOI
97	Kim, K.S., Kim, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Lee, C.Z., and Lim, J.D., 2009, Preliminary report on hominid and other vertebrate footprints from the Late Quaternary strata of Jeju Island, Korea. Ichnos, 16, 1-11. DOI
98	Kimura, T. and Kim, B.K., 1984, Geological age of the Daedong flora in the Korean Peninsula and its phytogeographical significance in Asia. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, 60, 337-340. DOI
99	Kobayashi, T., 1975, Upper Triassic estheriids in Thailand and the conchostracan development in Asia in the Mesozoic era. Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, 16, 57-90.
100	Kong, D.Y. and Lee, S.J., 2009, Reconsideration of the Natural Monument No. 413 Mungokri Stromatolite, Yeongwol, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 45, 711-723.
101	Lee, B.S., 2001, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Hwajeol Formation (Upper Cambrian) in northern Taegaeg City, Korea. Ameghiniana, 38, 441-453.
102	Lee, B.S., 2002, Conodonts from the Upper Cambrian Sesong and Hwajeol Formations in the Sabuk Area, South Korea. Acta Geologica Sinica, 76, 155-165.
103	Lee, B.S., 2004, Late Cambrian conodonts from Cheungsan area, Kangwon Province, Korea. Alcheringa, 28, 53-64. DOI
104	Lee, B.S., 2014, Conodonts from the Sesong Slate and Hwajeol Formation (Guzhangian to Furongian) in the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88, 35-45.
105	Lee, D.C. and Choi, D.K., 1992, Reappraisal of the Middle Ordovician trilobites from the Jigunsan Formation, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 28, 167-183.
106	Lim, S.K., Lockley, M.G., Yang, S.Y. et al., 1994, Preliminary report on sauropod tracksites from the Cretaceous of Korea. Gaia, 10, 109-117.
107	Lim, J.D., Lockley, M.G., and Kong, D.Y., 2012, The trackway of a quadrupedal ornithopod from the Jindong Formation (Cretaceous) of Korea. Ichnos, 19, 101-104.
108	Lipps, J.H., 2009, PaleoParks: our paleontological heritage protected and conserved in the field worldwide. PaleoParks: the protection and conservation of fossil sites worldwide, Carnets de Gologie/Notebooks on Geology, Brest, Book, 3, 1-10.
109	Lockley, M.G., Yang, S. Y., Matsukawa, M., Fleming, F., and Lim, S. K., 1992, The track record of Mesozoic birds: evidence and implications. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 336, 113-134. DOI
110	Lockley, M.G., Houck, K., Yang, S.Y., Matsukawa, M., and Lim, S.K., 2006, Dinosaur-dominated footprint assemblages from the Cretaceous Jindong Formation, Hallyo Heasang National Park area, Goseong County, South Korea: evidence and implications. Cretaceous Research, 27, 70-101. DOI
111	Lockley, M.G., Huh, M., Kim, J.Y., Lim, J.D., and Kim, K.S, 2012a, Recent advances in Korean vertebrate ichnology: The KCDC comes of age. Ichnos, 19, 1-5. DOI
112	Lockley, M.G., Lim, J.D., Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S., Huh, M., and Hwang, K.G., 2012b, Tracking Korea's early birds: a review of Cretaceous avian ichnology and its implications for evolution and behavior. Ichnos, 19, 17-27. DOI
113	Lockley, M.G., Huh, M., Gwak, S.G., Hwang, K.G., and Paik, I.S., 2012c, Multiple tracksites with parallel trackways from the Cretaceous of the Yeosu City area, Korea: implications for gregarious behavior in ornithopod and sauropod dinosaurs. Ichnos, 19, 105-114. DOI
114	Hwang, K.G., Huh, M., Lockley, M.G., Unwin, D.M., and Wright, J.L., 2002, New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea. Geological Magazine, 139, 421-435.
115	Jeong, E.K., Kim, K.S., Suzuki, M. and Kim J.W., 2009, Fossil woods from the lower coal-bearing formation of the Janggi Group (Early Miocene) in the Pohang Basin, Korea. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 153, 124-138. DOI
116	Jeong, E.K., Oh, C., Kim, K., Paik, I.S., Philippe, M., Kim, H.J., and Lim, J.D., 2014, Co-occurrence of Xenoxylon meisteri Palib. Et Jarm. and fossil tree ferns within the Lower Cretaceous Nakdong Formation at Mt. Geummubong, Korea and its palaeoclimatic implications. Cretceous Research, 50, 120-125. DOI
117	Jo, I.W. and Pak, W., 1996, Section 6. Cenozoic Era. In: Paek, R.J., Kang, H.G., and Jon, G.P. (eds.), Geology of Korea, Pyongyang, DPR of Korea, 189-225.
118	Kang, S.R., Lim, D.G., and Kim, S.Y., 2010, Benthic foraminiferal assemblage of Seogwipo Formation in Jeju Island, South Sea of Korea: Implication for late Pliocene to early Pleistocene cold episode in the northwestern Pacific margin. Quaternary International, 225, 138-146. DOI
119	Keates, S.G., 2010, The chronology of Pleistocene modern humans in China, Korea, and Japan. Radiocarbon, 52, 428-465. DOI
120	Kim, B.K., 1969, A study of several sole marks in the Haman Formation. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 5, 243-258.
121	Kim, B.K., 1972, A stratigraphic and paleontologic study of the Seogwipo Formation. The Memoirs for Prof. Chi. Moo Son's Sixtieth Birthday, 169-187.
122	Huzioka, K., 1972, The Tertiary floras of Korea. Journal of the Mining College Akita University, Japan, Series A, 5, 1-83.
123	Kim, C.B., Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S., and Lim, H.S., 2010, New age constraints for hominid footprints found on Jeju Island, South Korea. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37, 3338-3343. DOI
124	Kim, D.H., 2009, Present status and comparative study on the geological natural heritages of South and North Koreas. Mun Hwa Jae, 42, 20-39 (in Korean with English summary).
125	Kim, D.S., Sin, M.K., Kim Y.K., Pak, Y.S., Kang, J.K., and Choi, J.H., 1987, Fossils of Korea I. Science Encyclopedia Publishing Company, Pyongyang, Korea, 167 p. with 96 plates. (in Korean).
126	Kim, H.M. and Seo, S.J., 1992, A study on dinosaur footprint fossils from Uiseong of Gyeongbuk, Goseong of Gyeongnam and other area. Survey Report of Natural Monument (fossils and rocks) and Dinosaur Footprint Fossils, Geological Society of Korea, p. 187-261 (in Korean).
127	Kim, J.H., 1990, Three new Equisetites species found from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation, Nampo Group, Korea. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, 6, 91-99.
128	Lockley, M.G., Huh, M., and Kim, B.S., 2012d, Ornithopodichnus and pes-only sauropod trackways from the Hwasun tracksite Cretaceous of Korea. Ichnos, 19, 93-100. DOI
129	Na, M.H., 2007, A comparative study on the natural monument policies of South and North Koreas. Master thesis, Hangyeong University, 156 p. (in Korean with English summary).
130	Nam, K.S., 2015, Mesozoic Fossil Insect fauna from the Amisan Formation in Boryeong area, Korea and its Geological Implication. Unpublished Doctoral thesis, Kongju National University, p. 135.