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Analysis of the Characteristics of Precipitation Over South Korea in Terms of the Associated Synoptic Patterns: A 30 Years Climatology (1973~2002)  

Rha Deuk-Kyun (Department of Atmospheric Science, Kongju National University)
Kwak Chong-Heum (Department of Atmospheric Science, Kongju National University)
Suh Myoung-Seok (Department of Atmospheric Science, Kongju National University)
Hong Yoon (Korea Meteorological Administration)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean earth science society / v.26, no.7, 2005 , pp. 732-743 More about this Journal
Abstract
The characteristics of precipitation over South Korea from 1973 to 2002 were investigated. The synoptic patterns inducing precipitation are classified by 10 categories, according to the associated surface map analysis. The annual mean frequency of the total precipitation, its duration time and amount for 30 years are 179 times, 2.9 hours, and 7.1 mm, respectively. About $59\%$ of the total precipitation events were associated with a synoptic low. The dominant patterns are identified with respect to seasons: A synoptic mobile low pressure pattern is frequent in spring, fall, and winter, whereas low pressure embedded within the Changma and orography induced precipitation are dominant in summer and in winter. For the amount of precipitation, precipitation originated from tropical air associated with typhoon, tropical convergence, and Changma is more significant than that with other pressure patterns. The statistical elapse time reaching to 80 mm, which is the threshold amount of heavy rainfall watch at KMA, takes 12.9 hours after the onset of precipitation. The probability distribution function of the precipitation shows that the maximum probability for heavy rainfall is located at the south-coastal region of the Korean peninsula. It is also shown that the geographical distribution of the Korean peninsula plays an important role in occurrence of heavy rainfall. For example, heavy precipitation is frequently occurred at Youngdong area, when typhoon passes along the coastal region of the back borne mountains in the peninsula. The climatological classification of synoptic patterns associated with heavy rainfall over South Korea can be used to provide a guidance to operational forecast of heavy rainfall in KMA.
Keywords
characteristics of precipitation; precipitation patterns; probability distribution function; heavy rainfall;
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