Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2691

Measurement of Aldehydes in Replacement Liquids of Electronic Cigarettes by Headspace Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry  

Lim, Hyun-Hee (Department of Environmental Science, Kongju National University)
Shin, Ho-Sang (Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University)
Publication Information
Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society / v.34, no.9, 2013 , pp. 2691-2696 More about this Journal
Abstract
The electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) is a battery-powered device that aerosolizes nicotine so that it is readily delivered into the respiratory tract. The analytical data regarding the substances present in E-cigarettes are very limited. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of aldehydes-formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA) and, acrolein (AL)-in 225 replacement liquid brands from 17 E-cigarette shops sold in the Republic of Korea by headspace solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC-MS). The concentration range of FA and AA was 0.02-10.09 mg/L (mean = 2.16 mg/L, detected in 207 of 225 samples) and 0.10-15.63 mg/L (mean = 4.98 mg/L, detected in all samples), respectively. AL was not detected in any of 225 replacement liquids. FA and AA were originally present in almost all replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes.
Keywords
Aldehydes; Electronic cigarette replacement liquid; Headspace solid-phase micro extraction; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Westenberger, B. J. U.S. Food and Drug Administration evaluation of E-cigarettes. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Rockville, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2009. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ScienceResearch/UCM173250.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2012.
2 Laugesen, M. Safety Report on the Ruyan E-Cigarette Cartridge and Inhaled Aerosol. Christchurch, New Zealand: Health New Zealand Ltd; 2008.
3 Hadwiger, M. E.; Trehy, M. L.; Moore, W.; Ye, T.; Algire, J.; Westenberger, B. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217, 7547.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Summary of Results: Laboratory Analysis of Electronic Cigarettes Conducted By FDA, US: Food and Drug Administration (FDA), July 2009, http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealth Focus/ucm173146.htm (Accessed October 10, 2012.; archived at http://www.webcitation.org.5zUAMMHkS).
5 Park, M. Exponent. 2009, NJOY E-cigarette Health Risk Assessment. CA: Exponent, http://truthaboutecigs.com/science/5.php, Accessed February 10, 2012.
6 Ohta, K.; Uchiyama, S.; Inaba, Y.; Nakagome, H.; Kunugita, N.; Bunseki Kagaku 2011, 60, 791.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kim, H. J.; Shin, H. S. J. Chromatogr. A 2013, 1291, 48.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Vol 88, methanal, 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tert-buxy-2-propanol. Lyon, France, 2006.
9 US Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Methanal, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. 1999.
10 EPA 749-F-94-003a, Chemical summary for ethanal prepared by office of pollution prevention and toxics. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
11 DFG, List of MAK- and BAT-values. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006.
12 Feng, Z.; Hu, W.; Hu, Y.; Tang, M. S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103, 15404.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kim, H. J.; Shin, H. S. J. Sep. Sci. 2011, 34, 693.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Shin, H. S.; Lim, H. H. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 2012, 47, 350.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 USEPA Method SW 846, Quality Control, 1992; p 26 (Chapter 1).
16 American-Legacy-Foundation. Electronic Cigarette ('ecigarette') Fact Sheet. American Legacy Foundation, 2009. Available at: http://www.legacyforhealth.org/PDFPublications/ECIGARETTE_0909_temp.pdf, http://www. webcitation.org/5zUApidHT), Accessed October 10, 2012.
17 Etter, J. F.; Bullen, C. Addiction 2011, 106, 2017.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Schripp, T.; Markewitz, D.; Uhde, E.; Salthammer, T. Indoor Air 2013, 23, 25.   DOI   ScienceOn