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Log-Polar Image Watermarking based on Invariant Centroid as Template  

김범수 (상주대학교 전자전기공학부)
유광훈 (경북대학교 전자공학과)
김우섭 (경북대학교 전자공학과)
곽동민 (경북대학교 전자공학과)
송영철 (경북대학교 전자전기공학부)
최재각 (동의대학교 컴퓨터공학과)
박길흠 (경북대학교 전자전기공학부)
Publication Information
Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters / v.9, no.3, 2003 , pp. 341-351 More about this Journal
Abstract
Digital image watermarking is the method that can protect the copyright of the image by embedding copyright information, which is called watermark. Watermarking must have robustness to intentional or unintentional data changing, called attack. The conventional watermarking schemes are robust to waveform attacks such as image compression, filtering etc. However, they are vulnerable to geometrical attacks such as rotation, scaling, translation, and cropping. Accordingly, this paper proposes new watermarking scheme that is robust to geometrical attacks by using invariant centroid. Invariant centroid is the gravity center of a central area in a gray scale image that remains unchanged even when the image is attacked by RST including cropping and proposed scheme uses invariant centroids of original and inverted image as the template. To make geometrically invariant domain, template and angle compensated Log -Polar Map(LPM) is used. Then Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) is performed and the watermark is embedded into the DCT coefficients. Futhermore, to prevent a watermarked image from degrading due to interpolation during coordinate system conversion, only the image of the watermark signal is extracted and added to the original image. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is especially robust to RST attacks including cropping.
Keywords
watermarking; invariant centroid; template; geometrical attack;
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