Browse > Article

Image Watermarking Robust to Geometrical Attacks based on Normalization using Invariant Centroid  

김범수 (경북대학교 전자공학과)
최재각 (동의대학교 컴퓨터공학과)
Publication Information
Journal of KIISE:Information Networking / v.31, no.3, 2004 , pp. 243-251 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper proposes a digital image watermarking scheme, which is robust to geometrical attacks. The method improves image normalization-based watermarking (INW) technique that doesn't effectively deal with geometrical attacks with cropping. Image normalization is based on the moments of the image, however, in general, geometrical attacks bring the image boundary cropping and the moments are not preserved original ones. Thereafter the normalized images of before and after are not same form, i.e., the synchronization is lost. To solve the cropping problem of INW, Invariant Centroid (IC) is proposed in this paper. IC is a gravity center of a central area on a gray scale image that is invariant although an image is geometrically attacked and the only central area, which has less cropping possibility by geometrical attacks, is used for normalization. Experimental results show that the IC-based method is especially robust to geometrical attack with cropping.
Keywords
Watermarking; Geometric attacks; Invariant centroid; Image normalization;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Y.-S. Kim, O.-H. Kwon, R.-H. Park, 'Wavelet based watermarking method for digital images using the human visual system,' Electronic Letters, vol. 35, pp. 466-468, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
2 M. Barni, F. Bartolini, and A. Piva, 'Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking,' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 10, pp. 783-791, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
3 R. G. van Schyndel, A. Z. Tirkel, and C. F. Osborne 'A digital watermark,' Proceedings of ICIP, vol. 2, pp. 86-89, 1994   DOI
4 I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon 'Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia,' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 6, pp. 1673-1687, 1997   DOI   ScienceOn
5 C.-Y. Lin, M. Wu, and I. J. Cox, 'Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images,' IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 767-782, May, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
6 D. Kundur and D. Hatzinakos, 'Towards a telltale watermarking technique for tamper proofing,' Proceedings of ICIP, vol. 2, 1998   DOI
7 J. J. K. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, 'Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image watermarking,' Proceedings of ICIP, vol. 1, pp. 536-539, 1997   DOI
8 C.-T. Hsu and J.-L. Wu, 'Hidden digital watermark in images,' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 8, pp. 58-68, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
9 S. Burgett, E. Koch, and J. Zhao, 'Copyright labeling of digitized image data,' IEEE Communication Magazine, vol. 36, pp. 94-100, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
10 S. Pereira and T. Pun, 'Robust template matching for affine resistant image watermarks,' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 9, pp. 1123-1129, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
11 D. Kundur and D. Hatzinakos, 'A robust digital image watermarking method using wavelet-band function,' Proceedings of ICIP, vol. 1, pp. 544-547, 1997   DOI
12 S.-C. Pei and C.-. Lin, 'Image normalization for pattern recognition,' Image and Vision Computing, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 711-723, 1995   DOI   ScienceOn
13 M. Alghoniemy and A. H. Tewfik, 'Geometric distortion correction through image normalization,' Proceedings of ICME, vol. 3, pp. 1291-1294, 2000   DOI
14 A. G. Bors and I. Pitas, 'Image watermarking using DCT domain constraints,' Proceedings of ICIP, vol. 3, pp. 231-234, 1996   DOI
15 S. Pereira, J. J. K. O'Ruanaidh, F. Deguillaume, G. Csurka, and T. Pun 'Template based recovery of Fourier-based watermarks using log-polar and log-log maps,' Proceedings of ICMCS, vol. 1, pp. 870-874, 1999   DOI
16 V. Solachidis and I. Pitas, 'Circularly symmetric watermark embedding in 2-D DFT domain,' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 10, pp. 1741-1753, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
17 M. Barni, F. Bartolini, V. Cappellini, and A. Piva, 'A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking,' Signal processing, vol. 66, pp. 357-372, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn