Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/KIPSTB.2009.16B.5.385

A New Face Tracking and Recognition Method Adapted to the Environment  

Ju, Myung-Ho (가톨릭대학교 컴퓨터공학과)
Kang, Hang-Bong (가톨릭대학교 디지털미디어학부)
Abstract
Face tracking and recognition are difficult problems because the face is a non-rigid object. The main reasons for the failure to track and recognize the faces are the changes of a face pose and environmental illumination. To solve these problems, we propose a nonlinear manifold framework for the face pose and the face illumination normalization processing. Specifically, to track and recognize a face on the video that has various pose variations, we approximate a face pose density to single Gaussian density by PCA(Principle Component Analysis) using images sampled from training video sequences and then construct the GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model) for each person. To solve the illumination problem for the face tracking and recognition, we decompose the face images into the reflectance and the illuminance using the SSR(Single Scale Retinex) model. To obtain the normalized reflectance, the reflectance is rescaled by histogram equalization on the defined range. We newly approximate the illuminance by the trained manifold since the illuminance has almost variations by illumination. By combining these two features into our manifold framework, we derived the efficient face tracking and recognition results on indoor and outdoor video. To improve the video based tracking results, we update the weights of each face pose density at each frame by the tracking result at the previous frame using EM algorithm. Our experimental results show that our method is more efficient than other methods.
Keywords
Face recognition; Face tracking; Manifold; Retinex;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Z. Lie and S. Z. Li. "Coupled Spectral Regression for Matching Heterogeneous Faces". IEEE Conference on CVPR, 1123-1128, 2009
2 R. Basri and D. Jacobs. "Photometric Stereo with Genera, Unknown Lighting". IEEE Conference on CVPR, 374-381, 2001.
3 W. Zhao and R. Chellappa. "Symmetric shape from shading using self-ratio image". International Journal of Computer Vision. 45(1):55-75, 2001.   DOI
4 K-C. Lee, J. Ho, M-H. Y, D and Kreigman. "Visual tracking and recognition using probabil-istic appearance manifolds". Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 K-C. Lee and D. Kriegman. "Online Learning of Probabilistic Appearance Manifold for Video-based Recognition and Tracking". CVPR, 2005.   DOI
6 X. Xie, W. S. Zheng, J. Lai and P. C. Yuen. "Face Illumination Normalization on Large Small Scale Features". CVPR, 2008.   DOI
7 E. Land. "The Retinex Theory of Color Vision". Scientific American, 1977.
8 S. Z. Li, R. Chu, S. Liao, and L. Zhang. "Illumination invariant face recognition using near-infrared images". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 29(4):627-639, 2007.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 H. T. Wang, S. Z. Li and Y. S. Wang. "Face Recognition under Varying Lighting Conditions using Self Quotient Image". International Conference on FGR, 2004.   DOI
10 T. Sim and S. Zhang. "Exploring face space". CVPRW'04, 2004.   DOI
11 T. Chen, X. S. Zhou, D. Comaniciu and T. S. Huang. "Total Variation Models for Variable Lighting Face Recognition". TPAMI, 28(9):1519-1524, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
12 A. Shashua and T. Riklin-Raviv. "The Quotient Image: Class-Based Re-rendering and Recognition with Varying Illuminations". TPAMI, 2001.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 R. Kimmel, M. Elad, D. Shaked, R. Keshet and I. Sobel. "A Variational Framework for Retinex". International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol.52, No.1, pp.7-23, 2003.   DOI
14 D. J. Jobson, Z. Rahman and G. A. Woodell. "A Multiscale Retinex for Bridging the Gap Between Color Images and the Human Observation of Scenes". IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1997.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 B. Moghaddam and A. Pentland. "Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation". Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1997.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 A. S. Georghiades, P. N. Belhumeur and D. J. Kriegman. "From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose". IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intelligence, Vol.23, No.6, pp.643-660, 2001.   DOI   ScienceOn