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http://dx.doi.org/10.13089/JKIISC.2021.31.6.1149

Quantum Cryptanalysis for DES Through Attack Cost Estimation of Grover's Algorithm  

Jang, Kyung-bae (Hansung University)
Kim, Hyun-Ji (Hansung University)
Song, Gyeong-Ju (Hansung University)
Sim, Min-Ju (Hansung University)
Woo, Eum-Si (Hansung University)
Seo, Hwa-Jeong (Hansung University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology / v.31, no.6, 2021 , pp. 1149-1156 More about this Journal
Abstract
The Grover algorithm, which accelerates the brute force attack, is applicable to key recovery of symmetric key cryptography, and NIST uses the Grover attack cost for symmetric key cryptography to estimate the post-quantum security strength. In this paper, we estimate the attack cost of Grover's algorithm by implementing DES as a quantum circuit. NIST estimates the post-quantum security strength based on the attack cost of AES for symmetric key cryptography using 128, 192, and 256-bit keys. The estimated attack cost for DES can be analyzed to see how resistant DES is to attacks from quantum computers. Currently, since there is no post-quantum security index for symmetric key ciphers using 64-bit keys, the Grover attack cost for DES using 64-bit keys estimated in this paper can be used as a standard. ProjectQ, a quantum programming tool, was used to analyze the suitability and attack cost of the quantum circuit implementation of the proposed DES.
Keywords
Grover algorithm; Symmetric key cryptography; DES; Quantum circuit;
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