Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2014.23.6.1105

Factors Related to Depression of Married Female Baby Boomers in Busan and Gyeongnam Province by Employment Status  

Kim, Eunkyung (Dept. of Family Welfare, Changwon National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Human Ecology / v.23, no.6, 2014 , pp. 1105-1126 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to depression of married baby-boomer female by employment status. Data for this study was based on a convenience sample of 499 married female baby-boomer who have residence in Busan and Gyeongnam province. The prevalence rate of depression symptoms was 21.4%. The employment status made differences on the factors related to depression of married female baby boomers. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with attitudes toward menopause, menopausal symptoms and marital satisfaction for both baby-boomer female with and without a job. While monthly household income, participation in voluntary associations and satisfaction with children were significantly related to depression symptoms of baby-boomer female without employment, perimenopausal stage, perceived size of social network was important factors for the depression of married female baby boomers with a job.
Keywords
female baby boomer; depression; employment status; menopausal symptoms; marital satisfaction;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 13  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim, A. & Yoon G. (1993). The mid-life crisis(1): The timing and the effects of social-economic variables on mid-life crisis. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 13(1), 1-16.
2 Kim, E. (2013). The effects of social relationships and family relationships on the life satisfaction of married female baby boomers in Busan and Gyeongnam Province. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 22(3), 437-453.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
3 Kim, E. & Lee, K. (2012). The factors related to the menopausal symptoms of married middle-aged women: Focus on the effects of attitudes toward menopause and family related variables. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 21(6), 1043-1058.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
4 Kim, I. S., Kim, G. Y., Lee, M. K., Koo, E. K., & Kim, H. Y. (2006). A study on the job creation for higher level career-interrupted women. Suwon: Gyeonggi Research Institute.
5 Kim, J. & Pai, M. (2010). Volunteering and trajectories of depressoin. Journal of Aging and Health, 22(1), 84-105.   DOI
6 Kim, M. D., Hwang, S. W., & Hong, S. C. (2003). Prevalence of depression and correlates of depressive symptoms among residents in rural areas of Jeju Island. Korean Journal of Family Practice, 24(9), 833-844.
7 Kim, S. J. & Kim, S. Y. (2013). A study on the relationship of marital intimacy, depression, and menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 19(3), 176-187.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
8 Ko, J. (1978). A sociopsychiatric study of severe depression. Journal of Korean Neuropsychhiatric Association, 17(3), 295-302
9 Moon, S., Chung, J., & Sohn, E. (2008). Analysis of the mediating effects of family support and social participation between daily hassles and depression for the elderly with stroke disabilities. Korean Journal of Family Social Work, 24(12), 223-248.
10 National Health Information Portal (2014). Depression. Retrived October 1, 2014, from http://health.mw.go.kr/HealthInfoArea/HealthInfo/List.do?dept=3&category_code=201201207000&category=2&sortType=viewcount
11 Nishizono, H. N. (1985). Depression and neurosis in middle aged. Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 14(9), 1301-1307.
12 North, R. J., Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., & Cronkite, R. C. (2008). Family support, family income, and happiness: A 10-year perspective. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(3), 475-483.   DOI
13 O'connor, V. M., Del Mar, C. B., Sheehan, M., Siskind, V., Fox-Young, S., &Crogg, C. (1994). Do psycho-social factors contribute more to symptom reporting by middle-aged women than hormonal status? Maturitas, 20, 63-69   DOI
14 Oh, S. (1978). A clinical study on socio-environmental factors prior to the onset in severe depression. Unpublished master thesis, Korea.
15 Park, C. & Lee, J. (2011). Analysis of factors affecting the change of depression of Korean adult male and female. Health and Social Science, 29, 99-129.
16 Park, C. (2010). A study on the analysis of employment needs of job discontinued women and support measures in Gyeonggi-Do province. GRI Review, 12(2), 225-252.
17 Park, G. J. & Lee, K. H. (2002). A structural model for depression in middle-aged women. Korean Journal of Womens Health Nursing, 8(1), 69-84.   과학기술학회마을
18 Statistics Korea (2012, August 02). Analysis of Characstics of Baby=boomer Generation and Eco-generation. Retrived Sep. 30, 2014 from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq= 259163
19 Statistics Korea(2010, April 11). Characteristics of Babyboom generation through Social Survey. Retrived Feburary 12, 2013 from http://kostat.go.kr/ portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=70430
20 Statistics Korea(2012, August 02). Ansalysis of Socio-demographic Characteristics of Babyboomer and Eco-generation.. Retrived September 12, 2014 from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode= read&a Seq= 259163
21 Stewart, C. (1985). Depression in the elderly: An interdisciplinary approach. New York: A Wiley Medical Publication.
22 Sung, J. M. (2012). The longitudinal relation between stressors and depression of men in baby boom generation. Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 64(4), 285-310.   과학기술학회마을
23 Sung, M. H. (2000). An analysis of the relationship between climacteric symptoms and depression of middle-aged women. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 6(4), 465-476.   과학기술학회마을
24 Sung, M. H. (2001). The relationship between self-reported climacteric symptoms and self concept of middle-aged women. Journal of Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health, 5, 215-227.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Thoits, P. A. (1982). Life stress, social support, and psychological vulnerability: Epidemiological considerations. Journal of Community Psychology, 10. 341-362.
26 Thoits, P. A. (2013). Volunteer identity salience, Role enactment, and well-being comparison of three salience constructs. Social Psychology Quarterly, 76(4), 373-398.   DOI
27 Choi, K. S., Oh, H. E., & Shim, C. S. (2008). A study on the relationship between climacteric symptoms, depression and coping among middle aged women. Journal of Agricultural Medicine and Community Health, 33, 335-345.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Cho, Y. K. (2002). Effect of the voluntary service advitivy on the degree of depression and the self-identity of middle-aged women. Unpublished master thesis, Dongduk Women's University, Korea.
29 Choi, H. K., Kang, J. K., & Shin, S. J. (1999). Intimacy, passion and commitment in marriage among Korean people: A test of the triangular theory of love. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 17(4), 47-59.   과학기술학회마을
30 Choi, H. W., Kim, H., Paik, K., Lee, K., & Park, J. (1998). Menopause-related attitude and symptoms in middle-aged women. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatry Association, 37(6), 1146-1157.
31 Choi, M. & Lee, Y. H. (2010). Depression, powerlessness, social support and socioeconomic status in middle aged community residents. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 19(2), 196-204.   DOI
32 Choi, S. H. (1996). Function of social support on depression of patients with rheumatioid arthritis. Journal of Muscle and Joint Health, 3(1), 63-89.
33 Christian, J. L., O'Leary, K. D., & Vivian, D. (1994). Depressive symptomatology in maritally discordant women and men; the role of individual and relationship variables. Journal of Family Psychology, 8(1), 32-42.   DOI
34 Chung, K. H., Lee, S. J., Lee, Y. K., Kim, S. B., Sunwoo, D., Oh, Y. H., Kim, K. R., Park, B. M., Yoo, H. Y., & Lee, E. J. (2010). Baby boomers' demographic profiles and welfare needs. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
35 Koropeckyj-Cox, T. (2002). Beyond parental status: Psychological well-being in middle and old age. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(4), 957-971.   DOI
36 Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Assessment of women's health during menopausal periods. Seoul: Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
37 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Assessment of women's health during menopausal periods. Seoul: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
38 Korea Suicide Prevention Center (2012). 2012 National survey on suicide. Seoul: Korea Suicide Prevention Center.
39 Kweon, Y., Kang, Y., & Rim, S. K. (2011). Menopausal symptom, attitudes toward menopause, and depression in the middle aged women. Female Health, 12(1), 81-98.
40 Lee, H. K., Jang, C. J., Kim, H. J., & Youn, B. B. (2002). The relationship of BDI and education. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 23(2), 189-196.
41 Lee, H. S., & Kim. C. (2010). Menopausal symptoms and depression among midlife women. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 21(4), 429-438.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
42 Lee, J. H., Chung, Y. K., Park, H. M., Park, J. S., Yumiko, H., & Yeoum, S. G. (2000). A study on climacteric symptoms in Korean midlife women. Journal of the Korean Society of Menopause, 6, 141-156.
43 Lee, J. Y. (1987). A study on wives' marital satisfaction and related variables. The Journal of Korean Home Economics Association, 25(1), 105-119.
44 Lee, M. (2002). The marital satisfaction, self-esteem and depression of employed and unemployed mothers. Unpublished master thesis. Sogang University, Korea.
45 Park, K. M., Kho, H. J., & Kim, H. Y. (1997). Comparison of depression level of the middle aged women by menopausal stage. Journal of the Korean Society Maternal and Child Health, 1(1), 107-117.
46 Park, G. J. (1999). A structural model for depression in middle-aged women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ewha Woman's University, Korea.
47 Park, J. & Lee, J. (2011). Analysis of factors affecting the change of depression of Korean adult male and female, Health and Social Science, 29(6), 99-128.
48 Park, J. H., & Yoo, Y. J. (2000). The effect of family strengths and wives' self-esteem on depression among married women. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 18(2), 155-174.
49 Park, Y. J. Koo, B. S., Kang, H. C., Chun, S. H., & Yoon, J. W. (2001). The menopausal age and climacteric symptoms and the related factors of Korean women. Korean Journal of Women's Health Nursing, 7(4), 473-485.   과학기술학회마을
50 Punyahorta, S., Dennerstein, L., & Lehert, P. (1997). Menopausal experiences of Thai women. Part 1; symptoms and their correlates, Maturitas, 26, 1-7.   DOI
51 Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.   DOI
52 Reitzes, D. C., Mutran, E. J., & Fernandez, M. E. (1996). Does retirement hurt well-being? Factors influencing self-esteem and depression among retires and workers. The Gerontologist, 36(5), 649-656.   DOI
53 Reynolds, C. F., Alexopoulos, G. S., & Katz, I. R. (2002). Geriatric depression: Diagnosis and treatment, Generations, 26, 28-31.
54 Wood, N. F., & Mitchell, E. S. (1997). Pathways to depressed mood for midlife women: Observations from the Seattle midlife women's health study. Research in Nursing & Health, 20(2), 119-129.   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Warr, P., & Parry, G. (1982). Paid employment and women's psychological well-being. Psychogical Bulletin, 91, 498-516.   DOI
56 Wethington, E., & Kessler, G. L. (1989). Employment, parental responsibility, and psychological distress, Journal of Family Issues, 10, 527-546   DOI   ScienceOn
57 WHO (2001). Burden of mental and behavioral disorder in World Health Report, Geneva; World Health Organization.
58 Wu, X. & DeMaris, A. (1996). Gender and marital stress in depression; the effects of chronic strains. Sex Roles, 34(5), 299-319.   DOI
59 Yoon, J. & Jun, H. (2009). Economic activity status and mental health among middle and older adults: The mediating effects of income level and satisfaction in family relationship. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 29(2), 743-759.
60 Yoon, S. W., Seo, K. M., Han, J. H., Kwack, S. I., Kim, S. P., & Shin, S. H. (1997). Depression tendency between working housewives and non-working housewives in a medium-small city in the suburb of Seoul. Journal of Korean Academy of Family Medicine, 18(4), 385-396.
61 Yu, K. (2012). Factors influencing middle-aged women's depression and anxiety. The Journal of Korean Society of Health Sciences, 9(14), 31-44.
62 Zanial, N. Z. (2008). Depressive symptoms in middle-aged women in peninsular Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 20(4), 360-369   DOI
63 Avis, N. E., Brambilla, D., McKinlay, S. M., & Vass, K. V. (1994). A longitudinal analysis of the association between menopause and depression: Results from the Massachusetts women's health study. Annals of Epidemiology, 4(3), 214-220.   DOI   ScienceOn
64 Ahn, G. (1988). Sex difference in buffering effect of social support for depression related to stress. Unpublished master thesis. Seoul. Korea University, Korea.
65 Anderson, D., Yoshizawa, T., Gollschewski, S., Atogami, F., & Courtney, M. (2004). Menopause in Australia and Japan: effects of country of residence on menopausal status and menopausal symptoms. Climacteric, 7, 165-174.   DOI
66 Avis, N. E., & McKinlay, S. M. (1991). A longitudinal analysis of women's attitudes toward the menopause: results from the Massachusetts Women's Health Study. Maturitas, 13(1), 65-79.   DOI   ScienceOn
67 Back, S. S. (1998). An analysis of the relationship of menopausal symptoms of midlife women between urban area and rural area. Korean Journal of Women's Health Nursing, 4(3), 332-347.   과학기술학회마을
68 Gore, S. L., & Mangione, T. (1983). Social role, sex roles and psychological distress: addictive and interactive models of sex differences. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 300-312.   DOI
69 Chung, S. & Koo, M. (2011). Factors influencing depression: A comparison among babyboomers, the pre-elderly, and the elderly. Journal of Welfare for the Aged, 52, 305-324.
70 Earle, J., Smith, M., Harris, C., & Longino, C. (2008). Women, marital status, and symptoms of depression in a midlife national sample. Journal of Women and Aging, 10(1), 41-57.
71 Gove, W. R., Style, B., & Huges, S. (1990). The effect of marriage on the well-being of adult. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 4-35.   DOI   ScienceOn
72 Han, G., Lee, J., Ok, S., Ryff, C., & Marks, N. (2002). Gender, social roles and mental health in mid-life. Journal of Korea Gerontological Society, 22(2), 209-225.
73 Han, K. (2010). Korean baby boomer: Understanding their life course and life style. The Korean Gerontological Society Fall Conference Book(pp. 3-13) Seoul. Korea.
74 Han, M. & Lee, J. (2013). Factors influencing self-identity and menopausal symptoms on level of depression in middle aged women. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 19(4), 275-284.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
75 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2014). Statistics of depression. Retrieved October 1, 2014 from http://www.hira.or.kr/rd/dissdic/infoSickList.do?pgmid=HIRAA02004402 0100
76 Hong, C. Y. & Yoon, M. (2013). The effect of spirituality on happiness and depression of women in midlife. The Korean Journal of Women Psychology, 18(1), 219-242.
77 Byeon, W., & Kim, C. (2006). A study on the relevant variables of middle-aged women's depression. Journal of Korean Home Economic Association, 44(7), 125-139.
78 Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkeim in the new millennium. Social Science and Medicine, 51(6), 843-857.   DOI   ScienceOn
79 Bosworth, H. B., Bastian, L. A., Kuchibhatla, M. N., Steffens, D. C., McBride, C. M., Skinner, C. S.,Rimer, B. K., U Siegler, L. C. (2001). Depressive symptoms, menopausal status, and climacteric symptoms in women at midlife. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 603-608.   DOI
80 Bromberger, J. T., Matthews, K. A., Schott, L. L., Brockwell, S., Avis, N. E., Kravitz, H. M., Everson-Rose, S. A., Gold, E. B., Sowers, M. F., & Randolph, J. F.(2007). Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: The study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 103(1-3), 267-272.   DOI
81 Cairney, J., Boyle, M., Offord, D. L., & Racine, Y. (2003). Stress, social support and depression in sing and married mothers. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38(8), 442-447.   DOI   ScienceOn
82 Chang, H. K. & Han, Y. B. (2002). A study on climacteric symptoms and dietary patterns in middle-aged women. The Journal of Korean Home Economics Association, 40(1), 125-134.   과학기술학회마을
83 Cho, M. J., Kim, K. H. (1998). Use of the center for epidemiologic studies depression(CES-D) scale in Korea. The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 186(5), 304-310.   DOI   ScienceOn
84 Cho, S. (2004). Age-boom generation: The future and the challenge of the aged society. Seoul; Ewha Woman's University Press.
85 Jun, S. J., Kim, H. K., Lee, S. M., & Kim, S. A. (2004). Factors influencing middle-aged women's depression. The Journal of Korean Community Nursing, 15(2), 266-276.
86 Hur, J. & Yoo, S. (2002). Determinants of depression among elderly persons. Mental Health and Social Work, 13(6), 7-35.
87 Husaini, B. A., Neff, J. A., Harrington, J. B., Hughes, M. D., & Stone, R. H. (1980). Depression in rural communities: Validating the CES-D scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 8(1), 20-27.   DOI
88 Hyun, H. (2014). Risk factors for depression in periand post-menopausal women. Unpublished master thesis. Korea University, Korea.
89 Jung, E. H. & Kahng, S. K. (2014). The longitudinal relationship between volunteer experience and depression trajectory: Multi-group comparisons among three age groups. Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies, 45(1), 203-230.
90 Kahng, S. & Kwon, T. (2008). An exploratory study on the effects of socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms across lifespan. Mental Health and Social Work, 30(12), 332-355.
91 Kang, S. J. (2001). Lifestyle and menopausal symptoms and depression of Korean women. Unpublished master thesis, Ewha Woman's University, Korea.
92 Kaufert P. A., Gilbert P, & Tate R. (1992). The Manitoba Project: a re-examination of the link between menopause and depression. Maturitas. 14, 143-155.   DOI   ScienceOn
93 Kessler R. C. & McRae, J. A. (1982). The effect of wives employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review, 47, 216-227.   DOI   ScienceOn
94 Lorant, V., Delige, D., Eaton, W., Robert, A., Philippot, P., & Ansseau, M. (2003). Socioeconomic inequalities in depression; a meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157, 98-112.   DOI   ScienceOn
95 Lee, S. M., Back, J. H., Yoon, Y. D., & Kim, J. Y. (2013). Study on the management on the socio-economic influence of mental health problem. Seoul: National Health Insurance Service.
96 Lee, Y. (1998). Ties to external networks, support mobilization, and conjugal role integration. Journal of East and West Studies, 10(2), 191-210.
97 Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Roberts, R. E., & Allen, N. B. (1997). Center for Epidemiologic Studies: Depression Scale(CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults. Psychology and Aging, 12(2), 277-287.   DOI
98 Ministry of Health and Welfare (2009). Development of nutritional screening and assessment tools and a local database for food supplements use in relation to perimenopausal and menopausal women's health improvement. Seoul.: Ministry of Health and Welfare.
99 Ministry of Health and Welfare (2013). Korea health statistics 2012: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare.
100 Miquelon, P., & Vallerand, R. J. (2008). Goal motives, well-being, and physical health: An integrative model. Clinical Psychology, 49(3), 241-249.
101 Mitchell, E. S., & Woods, N. F. (1996). Symptom experiences of midlife women's: Observation from the Seattle midlife women's health study. Maturitas, 25, 1-10.   DOI   ScienceOn
102 Shin, K., Kang, Y., & Kim, M. (2010). Correlates of depression in the community dwelling middle aged women. Women Health, 11(1), 1-22.
103 Rho, M. H. & Lee, S. (1991). The relationship of the mother's marital satisfaction, child-rearing behaviors and children's achievement motive. Journal of Korean Home Economic Association, 29(4), 181-206.
104 Ro, E. Y. & Kwon J. H. (1997). The role of self-esteem and marital relationship on women's depression II. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 16(2), 41-54.
105 Ryu, H-Y. (2012). Qualitative research on the meaning of voluntary work in the lives of middle-aged women. Unpublished master thesis. Hannam University, Korea.
106 Simon, R. W. (1992). Parental role strains, salience of parental identity and gender differences in psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33(March), 25-35.   DOI   ScienceOn
107 SNUH (2014, December 02), Seoul National University Hospital Medical Information. Retrived December. 2, 2014 from http://www.snuh.org/pub/ infomed/sub02/sub01/index.jsp?s2_id=11&s3_id=5&s4_id=6&s5_id=Song,
108 J. & Marks, N. F. (2006). Parent-adult child relationships and mental health among older parents: A longitudinal U. S. national study. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 26(3), 581-599.
109 Statistics Korea (2013, September 25). 2012 Statistics of the Cause of Death. Retrived October 1, 2014, from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=308559
110 Statistics Korea (2014, September 23). 2013 Statistics of the Cause of Death. Retrived October 1, 2014, from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=330181&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&sTarget=title&sTxt=%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84