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http://dx.doi.org/10.14776/piv.2016.23.2.109

Vitamin D and Risk of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials  

Ahn, Jong Gyun (Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine)
Lee, Dokyung (Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine)
Kim, Kyung-Hyo (Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine)
Publication Information
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine / v.23, no.2, 2016 , pp. 109-116 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Recent observational studies have found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory tract infections. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the efficacy of vitamin D in childhood respiratory tract infection (RTI) have yield inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of RTI. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial. Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of RTI in children were included for the analysis. Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias was used to assess the quality of the studies. Pooled risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were meta-analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: A total of seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. According to a random-effects model, the risk ratio for vitamin D supplementation was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69-0.98) and $I^2=62%$ for heterogeneity. On subgroup analysis, heterogeneity decreased in the subgroup with follow-up less than 1 year, participants ${\geq}5years$ of age, patients subgroup, and subgroup with dosing daily. Funnel plot showed that there might be publication bias in the field. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis supports a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of RTI in children. However, the result should be interpreted with caution due to limitations including a small number of available RCTs, heterogeneity among the studies, and potential publication bias.
Keywords
Vitamin D; Respiratory tract infections; Randomized controlled trials; Meta-analysis;
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