Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14776/kjpid.2014.21.3.207

Association between Respiratory Virus Infection and Pneumococcal Colonization in Children  

Lee, Hyeon Seung (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital)
Choe, Young June (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital)
Cho, Eun Young (Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital)
Lee, Hyunju (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
Choi, Eun Hwa (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital)
Lee, Hoan Jong (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital)
Publication Information
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine / v.21, no.3, 2014 , pp. 207-213 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between respiratory virus infection and pneumococcal colonization in children. Methods: From May 2009 to June 2010, nasopharyngeal (NP) aspirates were obtained from patients under 18 years old who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital for respiratory symptoms. NP samples were used to detect respiratory viruses (influenza virus A and B, parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus A and B, adenovirus, rhinovirus A/B, human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus 229E/NL63 and OC43/HKU1) by RT-PCR and pneumococcus by culture. Results: Median age of the patients was 27 months old. A total of 1,367 NP aspirates were tested for respiratory viruses and pneumococcus. Pneumococcus was isolated from 228 (16.7%) of samples and respiratory viruses were detected from 731 (53.5%). Common viruses were rhinovirus (18.4%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A (10.6%), adenovirus (6.9%), influenza virus A (6.8%). Pneumococcal isolation rate was significantly higher in the cases of positive virus detection than negative detection [21.3% (156/731) vs. 11.3% (72/636), P <0.001]. For individual viruses, pneumococcal isolation rate was positively associated with detection of influenza virus A [24.7% (23/93) vs 16.1% (205/1274), P=0.001], RSV A [28.3% (41/145) vs 15.3% (187/1222), P=0.001], RSV B [31.3% (10/32) vs 16.3% (218/1335), P=0.042], rhinovirus A/B [22.6% (57/252) vs 15.3% (171/1115), P=0.010]. Conclusion: The study revealed that pneumococcal isolation from NP aspirates is related with respiratory virus detection. The result of this study could be used to investigate how respiratory viruses and pneumococcus cause clinical diseases.
Keywords
Respiratory virus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Colonization;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lee JA, Kim NH, Kim DH, Park KW, Kim YK, Kim KH, et al. Serotypes and penicillin susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens specimens and healthy carriers of Korean children. Korean J Pediatr 2003;46:846-53.
2 Rodrigues F, Foster D, Nicoli E, Trotter C, Vipond B, Muir P, et al. Relationships between rhinitis symptoms, respiratory viral infections and nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus in children attending daycare. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32:227-32.   DOI
3 Bogaert D, De Groot R, Hermans PW. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4:144-54.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Holmes SJ, Morrow AL, Pickering LK. Child-care practices: effects of social change on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Epidemiol Rev 1996;18:10-28.   DOI
5 Kim SM, Hur JK, Lee KY, Shin YK, Park SE, Ma SH, et al. Epidemiological study of pneumococcal nasal carriage and serotypes among Korean children. Korean J Pediatr 2004;47:611-6.   과학기술학회마을
6 Kim KH, Lee JE, Whang IT, Ryu KH, Hong YM, Kim GH, et al. Serogroup and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from oropharynx in children attending day care center. Korean J Pediatr 2002;45:346-53.
7 Zhou H, Haber M, Ray S, Farley MM, Panozzo CA, Klugman KP. Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia and respiratory virus co-infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2012;18:294-7.   DOI
8 Ampofo K, Bender J, Sheng X, Korgenski K, Daly J, Pavia AT, et al. Seasonal invasive pneumococcal disease in children: role of preceding respiratory viral infection. Pediatrics 2008;122:229-37.   DOI
9 McCullers JA. Insights into the interaction between influenza virus and pneumococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006;19:571-82.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Vu HT, Yoshida LM, Suzuki M, Nguyen HA, Nguyen CD, Nguyen AT, et al. Association between nasopharyngeal load of Streptococcus pneumoniae, viral coinfection, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia in vietnamese children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011;30:11-8.   DOI
11 Rawlings BA, Higgins TS, Han JK. Bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and osteomeatal complex during wellness and viral infection. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013;27:39-42.
12 Yun KW, Cho EY, Hong KB, Choi EH, Lee HJ. Streptococcus pneumoniae type determination by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Korean Med Sci 2011;26:971-8.   DOI
13 Wolter N, Tempia S, Cohen C, Madhi SA, Venter M, Moyes J, et al. High nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density, increased by viral co-infection, is associated with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2014 In Press.
14 Grijalva CG, Griffin MR, Edwards KM, Williams JV, Gil AI, Verastegui H, et al. The role of influenza and parainfluenza infections in nasopharyngeal pneumococcal acquisition among young children. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1369-76.   DOI
15 Moore HC, Jacoby P, Taylor A, Harnett G, Bowman J, Riley TV. The interaction between respiratory viruses and pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:540-5.
16 Wadowsky RM, Mietzner SM, Skoner DP, Doyle WJ, Fireman P. Effect of experimental influenza A virus infection on isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other aerobic bacteria from the oropharynges of allergic and nonallergic adult subjects. Infect Immun 1995;63:1153-7.
17 Nakamura S, Davis KM, Weiser JN. Synergistic stimulation of type I interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice. J Clin Invest 2011;121:3657-65.   DOI
18 Wang JH, Kwon HJ, Jang YJ. Rhinovirus enhances various bacterial adhesions to nasal epithelial cells simultaneously. Laryngoscope 2009;119:1406-11.   DOI