Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.4.533

Effect of Salinity on the Survival and Growth of Larvae of the Boreal Digging Frog (Kaloula borealis)  

Ko, Sang-Beom (Jeju amphibian ecology institute)
Ko, Young-Min (Jeju amphibian ecology institute)
Lee, Jeong-Hyun (National Institute of Biological Resources)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology / v.29, no.4, 2015 , pp. 533-538 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of salinity on the early embryonic development stage of boreal digging frogs (Kaloula borealis). An experiment was carried out with the eggs of K. borealis mating couples laid along the coastal zone of Jeju Island in June 2013. The salinity was set to 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 ‰, respectively. The survival and growth of the larvae at various stages from the egg phase to the closing of their external gills phase were observed. In another experiment, tadpoles in internal gill stage were placed in solutions with salinity of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 ‰, respectively, and their survival rate and growth rate were observed, and then the results of the two experiments above were compared. The results showed that in egg and external gill stage, there was no significant difference in survival rate in 3 ‰ solution, though there was low survival rate in 5 ‰ solution. Further, all the eggs were dead in 7 ‰ solution, so it appeared that solutions with salinity of 5 ‰ or higher affect the survival of K. borealis in the early embryonic development. Larvae in the internal gill stage showed no significant difference in survival rate from the control group up to a salinity of 5 ‰, but when placed in a solution of over 7 ‰ salinity, the survival rate decreased. The growth rate also slowed down with the higher salinity. It appeared that in both the external gill stage and the internal gill stage in 5 ‰ solution, the growth rate decreased significantly compared to the control group. From this study it is concluded that higher salinity values have a significant impact on the survival and growth of the K. borealis larvae and this finding can be used to conserve K. borealis species that are decreasing in number due to the side effects of development in coastal areas.
Keywords
AMPHIBIA; SEA WATER; ANURAN; TADPOLE;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Voigt, M.(1991) On the effects of crowding and pollution in tadpoles of the brown-striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peroni). Herpetofauna 21: 25-34.   DOI
2 Wu, C.S. and Y.C. Kam(2009) Effects of salinity on the survival, growth, development, and metamorphosis of Fejervarya limnocharis tadpoles living in brackish water. Zoological Science 26: 476-482.   DOI
3 Alford, R.A.(1999) Ecology: resource use, competition, andpredation. In" Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae" Ed byRW McDiarmid, R Altig, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 240-278   DOI
4 Balinsky, J.B.(1981) Adaptation of nitrogen metabolism to hyperosmotic environments in amphibia. Journal of Experimental Zoology. 215(3): 335-350.   DOI
5 Beebee, T.J.C.(1985) Salt tolerances of natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) eggs and larvae from coastal and inland populations in Britain. Journal of Herpetology 1: 14-16.
6 Boutilier, R.G., D.F. Stiffler and D.P. Toews(1992) Exchange of respiratory gases, ions, and water in amphibious and aquatic amphibians. In: Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians, (ed. M. E. Feder and W. W. Burggren), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. pp. 81-124.   DOI
7 Bruce, R.C.(2005) Theory of complex life cycles: application in Plethodontid salamanders. Herpetological Monographs 19: 180-207.   DOI
8 Chinathamby, K.A., R.D. Reina, P.C.E. Bailey and B.K. Lees(2006) Effects of salinity on the survival, growth and development of tadpoles of the brown tree frog, Litoria ewingii. Australian Journal of Zoology 54:97-105.   DOI
9 Christy, M.T. and C.R. Dickman(2002) Effects of salinity on tadpoles of the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea). Amphibia-Reptilia 23: 1-11.   DOI
10 Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb(1994): Biology of Amphibians, 2nd Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
11 Ferraro, T.J. and S. Burgin(1993) Review of environmental factors influencing the decline of Australian frogs. In: Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline, Royal Zoological Society of NSW, pp. 197-204.
12 Gosner, K.L(1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183-190.   DOI
13 Gomez-Mestre, I. and M. Tejedo(2005) Adaptation or exaptation? An experimental test of hypotheses on the origin of salinity tolerance in Bufo calamita. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18:847-855.   DOI
14 Gordon, M.S. and V.A. Tucker(1965) Osmotic regulation in the tadpoles of the crab-eating frog (Rana cancrivora). The Journal of Experimental Biology 42: 437-445.   DOI
15 Haramura, T.(2007) Salinity tolerance of eggs of Buergeria japonica (Amphibia, Anura) inhabiting coastal areas. Zoological Science 24:820-823.   DOI
16 Ko, S.B., Y.M. Ko. and H.S. Oh(2011) Distribution of Spawning Sites of Kaolula borealis in Jeju Island. Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 25(6): 846-852. (in Korean with English abstract)
17 Liggins, G.W. and G.C. Grigg(1985) Osmoregulation of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, in salt water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 82A: 613-619.
18 Mathias, J.H.(1971) The Comparative Ecologies of Two Species of Amphibia (Bufo bufo and Bufo calamita) on the Ainsdale Sand Dunes National Nature Reserve. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Manchester.   DOI
19 Quincey, L.M.(1991) The Effect of High Salinities on Growth and Development of the Spawn and Larvae of the Spotted Grass Frog (Lymnodynaste s tasmaniensis). Honours Thesis, University of Adelaide.   DOI
20 Ortiz-Santaliestra, M.E., M.J. Fernandez-Beneitez, M. Lizana. and A. Marco(2010) Adaptation to osmotic stress provides protection against ammonium nitrate in Pelophylax perezi embryos. Environmental Pollution 158: 934-940.   DOI
21 Rose C.S.(2005) Integrating ecology and developmental biology to explain the timing of frog metamorphosis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20: 129-135   DOI
22 Ruibal, R. 1959. The ecology of a brackish water population of Rana pipiens. Copeia 1959:315-322.   DOI
23 Sanzo, D. and S.J. Hecnar(2006) Effects of road deicing salt (NaCl) on larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Environmental Pollution 140: 247-256.   DOI
24 Squires, Z.E., P.C.E. Bailey, R.D. Reina. and B.B.B.M. Wong(2010) Compensatory growth in tadpoles after transient salinity stress. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:219-222.   DOI
25 Tyler, M.J.(1972) An analysis of the lower vertebral faunal relationships of Australia and New Guinea. In: Bridge and Barrier: The Natural and Cultural History of Torres Strait, pp. 132-147. Walker, D., Ed., Canberra, Australian National University.   DOI
26 Uchiyama, M. and H. Yoshizawa(1992) Salinity tolerance and structure of external and internal gills in tadpoles of the crab-eating frog, Rana cancrivora. Cell and Tissue Research 267: 35-44.   DOI
27 Viertel, B.(1999) Salt tolerance of Rana temporaria: spawning site selection and survival during embryonic development(Amphibia, Anura). Amphibia-Reptilia 20: 161-171.   DOI