Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2020.46.5.532

Correlation among PM10, PM2.5, Cd, and Pb Concentrations in Ambient Air and Asian Dust Storm Event  

Moon, Chan-Seok (Department of Industrial Health, Catholic University of Pusan)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.46, no.5, 2020 , pp. 532-538 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: The study evaluated correlations among monthly PM2.5, PM10, Cd, Pb concentrations and the number of Asian dust days. Methods: Based on data from 'The annual report on air quality in Korea from 1999 to 2017', concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, Cd, Pb, and the number of Asian dust days were recalculated to mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum. Correlation coefficients were calculated among PM2.5, PM10, Cd, Pb, and Asian dust days. Results: Asian dust days were correlated only with PM10 among the four factors of PM10, PM2.5, Cd, and Pb. The four factors of PM10, PM2.5, Cd, and Pb were very significantly correlated with each other (p<0.01). Their correlation coefficients for PM10 were 0.800 for PM2.5, 0.823 for Cd, and 0.892 for Pb. PM2.5 was also correlated strongly with Cd (0.845) and Pb (0.830). Cd had a correlation with Pb of 0.971. The maximums of PM2.5, PM10, and Pb were shown to exceed the atmospheric environmental standard of Korea, which necessitates national continuous exposure control. Based on exposure data, Asian dust days were thought to be an exposure factor for Cd and Pb. Conclusion: Asian dust might be a factor in Cd and Pb exposure. National exposure controls are required for exposure to PM2.5, PM10, Cd, and Pb.
Keywords
Correaltion; Asian dust; $PM_{10}$; Cd; Pb;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hong Y-C, Pan X-C, Kim S-Y, Park K, Park E-J et al. Asian Dust Storm and pulmonary function of school children in Seoul. Sci Total Environ. 2010; 408: 754-759.   DOI
2 Watanabe M, Kurai J, Shimizu E. Definition of Asian dust particles. Environ Res. 2014; 134: 188-189.   DOI
3 Kyung SY, Kim YS, Kim WJ, Park MS, Song JW et al. Guideline for the prevention and management? of particulate matter/Asian dust particleinduced adverse health effect on the patients with pulmonary diseases. J Korean Med Assoc. 2015; 58(11): 1060-1069.   DOI
4 Yang H-J, Kim S-H, AJang A-S, Kim S-H, Song W-J et al. Guideline for the prevention and management of particulate matter/yellow dust-induced adverse health effects on the patients with bronchial asthma. J Korean Med Assoc. 2015; 58(11): 1034-1043.   DOI
5 Higashisaka K, Fujimura M, Taira M, Yoshida T, Tsunoda S et al. Asian Dust Particles Induce Macrophage Inflammatory Responses via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production. J Immunol Res. 2014; 2014: 856154.   DOI
6 Kim I-S, Jang J-Y, Kim T-H, Park J, Shim J, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease associated with fine dust/Asian dust exposure. J Korean Med Assoc. 2015; 58(11): 1044-1059.   DOI
7 Kojima S, Michikawa T, Ueda K, Sakamoto T, Matsui K et al. Asian dust exposure triggers acute myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal. 2017; 38: 3202-3208.   DOI
8 EPA. Part 243 Air Quality Standards. 2013. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/ 2017-12/documents/il_part_243.pdf.
9 WHO. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution. 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health.
10 Ministry of Environment of Korea. Air quality standard of Korea. 2020. http://www.me.go.kr/mamo/web/index.do?menuId=586.
11 Park M-B, Lee T-J, Lee E-S, Kim D-S. A Comparative Study on the Ambient Air Quality Standard Strength among Korea, the U.S.A. and the EU. J Korean Soc Atmos Environ. 2016; 32(6): 559-574.   DOI
12 Moon C-S, Yang HR, Nakatsuka H, Ikeda M. Time trend of cadmium intake in Korea. Environ Health Prev Med. 2016; 21(3): 118-128.   DOI
13 Moon C-S, and Ikeda M. Pollutant levels in ambient air and blood in Korea. Environ Health Prev Med. 1996; 1: 33-38.   DOI
14 Ryou H, Heo J, Kim S-Y. Source apportionment of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ air pollution, and possible impacts of study characteristics in South Korea. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 240: 963-972.   DOI
15 Chung Y-S, Kim H-S, Natsagdorj L, Jugder D, Chen S-J. On Yellow Sand Occurred during 1997-2000. Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci. 2001; 37(4): 305-316.
16 Ministry of Environment of Korea. Announcement of Analysis Results of Heavy Metal in Asian Dust in March and April, 2002. p. 2.
17 Lee B-K, Lee HK, Jun H-Y. Analysis of regional and temporal characteristics of $PM_{10}$ during an Asian dust episode in Korea. Chemosphere. 2006; 63: 1106-1115.   DOI
18 Hashizume M, Ueda K, Nishiwaki Y, Michikawa T and Onozuka D. Health Effects of Asian Dust Events: A Review of the Literature. Jpn J Hyg. 2010; 65: 413-421.   DOI
19 Lim DI, Jung SW, Choi MS, Kang SM, Jung HS et al. Historical record of metal accumulation and lead source in the southeastern coastal region of Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2013; 74: 441-445.   DOI
20 Ko H-J, Song J-M, Cha JW, Kim J, Ryoo S-B et al. Chemical Composition Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosols in Relation to Haze, Asian Dust and Mixed Haze-Asian Dust Episodes at Gosan Site in 2013. J Korean Soc Atmos Environ. 2016; 32(3): 289-304.   DOI
21 Kim K-J, Lee S-H, Hyeon D-R, Ko H-J, Kim H et al. Composition comparison of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ fine particulate matter for Asian dust and haze events of 2010-2011 at Gosan site in Jeju Island. Anal Sci & Tech. 2014; 27(1): 1-10.   DOI
22 Kim K-H, Kang C-H, Lee J-H, Choi KC, and Youn YH. The influence of the Asian Dust on the Springtime Distribution of Airborne Lead. J KOSAE. 2004; 20(6): 833-838.
23 Lee P-K, Youm S-J and Bae B-G. Geochemical Characteristics and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals of Asian Dust in Daejeon Area, 2007 (spring season). Econ Environ Geol. 2012; 45(3): 217-235.   DOI
24 Byun J-Y, Cho S-H, Kim H-W, Han Y-J. Long-term Characteristics of $PM_{2.5}$ and Its Metallic Components in Chuncheon, Korea. J Korean Soc Atmos Environ. 2018; 34(3): 406-417.   DOI
25 Ko J-C and Yang J-H. The Investigation of the Particle Size Distribution and the Content of Metal Components in Particulate Matter (PM) from Industrial Complex. J Korean Soc Environ Tech. 2018; 19(3): 263-273.   DOI
26 Sternberg T and Edwards M. Desert Dust and Health: A Central Asian Review and Steppe Case Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14: 1342.   DOI
27 Moon C-S. High influential factor of cadmium and lead exposure in outdoor workers. J Korean Soc Occup Env Hyg. 2020; 30(2): 163-173.   DOI