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http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2016.42.1.1

Time-activity Patterns and PM2.5 Exposure of the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas  

Lim, Chaeyun (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Guak, Sooyoung (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Lee, Kiyoung (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Hong, Yun-Chul (Institute of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.42, no.1, 2016 , pp. 1-9 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: Personal exposure to air pollution is affected by contact over time and by location. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal exposure to $PM_{2.5}$ and the time-activity patterns of the elderly in urban and rural areas. Methods: A total of 44 elderly participants were recruited for a 24-hour $PM_{2.5}$ personal exposure measurement. Twenty-four were from Seoul (urban area) and 20 were from Asan (rural area). Energy expenditure and spatiotemporal positioning were monitored through $PM_{2.5}$ measurement. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between $PM_{2.5}$ and time-activity pattern. Results: Daily average $PM_{2.5}$ personal exposures were $19.1{\pm}9.7{\mu}g/m^3$ in Seoul and $29.1{\pm}16.9{\mu}g/m^3$ in Asan. Although outdoor exposure was higher in Seoul than in Asan, residential indoor exposure was higher in Asan than in Seoul. Higher $PM_{2.5}$ personal exposure in Asan could be explained by longer time in residential indoor environments and higher indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. Seoul elderly had higher energy expenditure, which may be due to the use of mass transportation. Conclusion: Personal exposure to $PM_{2.5}$ was higher among Asan elderly than Seoul elderly because of high residential indoor concentrations and longer residential time. Lack of energy spent and higher personal exposure to $PM_{2.5}$ might have led to higher risk among the Asan elderly.
Keywords
Air pollution; personal exposure; $PM_{2.5}$; regional variation; time-activity patterns;
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