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http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2012.38.4.323

Relationship between Urine Cadmium and Bone Mineral Density of Residents Around Abandoned Metal Mines  

Jung, Kyung-Sick (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University)
Kim, Nam-Soo (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University)
Ahn, Seung-Chul (Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Lee, Byung-Kook (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.38, no.4, 2012 , pp. 323-331 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure on of bone mineral density (BMD) levels. Methods: A total of 171 residents around abandoned mines in Chungcheongnam-do were surveyed in 2008-2011. Urinary Cd and BMD were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and Dual-Energy X-ray absorptionmetry, respectively. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were defined by T-scores set by the WHO; Tscore ${\geq}$ -1.0, normal; -1.0 > T-score > -2.5, osteopenia; and T-score ${\leq}$ -2.5, osteoporosis. Logistic and multiple linear regressions were applied to estimate the association between U-Cd levels and BMD. Results: The U-Cd geometric mean of 171 Koreans was 2.79 ${\mu}g/g{\cdot}cr$. The U-Cd concentration was significantly higher among women (2.98 ${\mu}g/g{\cdot}cr$) than men (2.39 ${\mu}g/g{\cdot}cr$). With the multiple regression model, the BMD was influenced by U-Cd, BMI, and monthly income. With the logistic regression model, osteoporosis was associated with U-Cd levels (OR = 3.239, 95% CI = 1.770-5.927). Conclusions: We conclude that exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Keywords
Bone Mineral Density (BMD); urinary Cd; abandoned mines; osteoporosis; osteopenia;
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