Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2010.36.6.480

A Study on the Size of Ultrafine Particles and Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Atmosphere  

Cho, Tea-Jin (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
Jeon, Hye-Li (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
Youn, Hyung-Sun (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University)
Lee, Mi-Young (Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University)
Son, Bu-Soon (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.36, no.6, 2010 , pp. 480-495 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study evaluated the distribution of the concentrations of nano-particles and heavy metals (08-Pb, Cr, Zn, As, Fe, 09-Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn) in Seoul, Chungnam A and Gwangyang from August to December, in 2008 5 times each in the Seoul area, 5 times in and Chungnam A area and from August to November, in 2009 14 times in the Chungnam A area, 8 times in the Gwangyang area. The examined results showed high concentration level from $PM_1$ through $PM_{0.1}$ in all three areas. These results were obtained the concentration of particles by diameter and statistically significant in Stage5 (1.0-0.56 ${\mu}m$) from the result of conducting Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05). In the case of the heavy metal concentration included in 0.10-0.056 ${\mu}m$, 0.056 ${\mu}m$, the lead concentration of Chungnam Asan area was 6.49 ng/$m^3$ and 9.93 ng/$m^3$, which was higher than 3.05 ng/$m^3$ and 4.22 ng/$m^3$ of Seoul, respectively. The concentration of iron in Seoul was 9.28 ng/$m^3$ and 13.24 ng/$m^3$, that appeared higher than 2.38 ng/$m^3$ and 3.23 ng/$m^3$ of Chungnam A area, respectively. The concentration level was similar to other metals except lead and iron in Chungnam A area and Seoul. From the concentration of heavy metal included in 0.10-0.056 ${\mu}m$, 0.056 ${\mu}m$, the lead concentration of Chungnam A area was 0.31 ng/$m^3$ and 0.12 ng/$m^3$ while Gwangyang was 0.28 ng/$m^3$, 0.06 ng/$m^3$. Thus Chungnam A area showed higher lead concentration than Gwangyang. The manganese concentration of Chungnam A area was 0.12 ng/$m^3$ and 0.03 ng/$m^3$ while Gwangyang was 0.21 ng/$m^3$ and 0.08 ng/$m^3$. Therefore, the concentration of Gwangyang appeared higher than that of Chunnam A area. These two metals showed statistically significant in 0.056 ${\mu}m$ (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Among the concentration of heavy metal in all regions, the result demonstrated that the order of higher concentration is arsenic > iron > zinc > chrome > lead > nickel > copper > manganese.
Keywords
nano-particles; heavy metal; distribution; concentration;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Fang, G. C., Wu, Y. S., Wen, C. C., Lin, C. K., Huang, S. H., Rau, J. Y. and Lin, C. P. : Concentrations of nano and related ambient air pollutants at a traffic sampling site. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 21, 259-271, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Muller, J., Huaux, F., Moreau, N., Misson, P., Heilier, J. F., Delos, M., Arras, M., Fonseca, A., Nagy, J. B. and Lison, D. : Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Toxicology and Applide Pharmacology, 207, 221-231, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Allen, A. G., Nemitz, E., Shi, J. P., Harrison, R. M. and Greenwood, J. C. : Size distributions of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols in the United Kingdom. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 4581-4591, 2001.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Donaldson, K. and Macnee, W. : Potential mechanisms of adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution (PM10). International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 203, 411-415, 2001.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Kim, K. H. : Air Pollution Test Methods for Environmental Analysis, Donghwa Technology, 313-364, 2000.
6 Cabada, J. C., Rees, S., Takahama, S., Khlystov, A., Pandis, S. N., Davidson, C. I. and Robinson, A. L. : Mass size distributions and size resolved chemical composition of fine particulate matter at the Pittsburgh supersite. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 3127-3141, 2004.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Cheng, Y., Ho, K. F., Lee, S. C. and Law, S. W. : Seasonal and diurnal variations of $PM_{1.0}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ in the roadside environment of Hong Kong. China Particuology, 4(6), 312-315, 2006.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Lee, M. Y. : Development of molecular level biomarkers against the risk assessment of heavy metals in the air-borne nanoparticles through metalloproteomic technology, 2008.
9 Thomas, K. and Sayre, P. : Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, Part I: Evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials. Toxicological Sciences, 87(2), 316-321, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Montaya, L., Lawrence, J., Murthy, K., Sarnat, J., Godleski, J. and Koutrakis, P. : Continuous measurements of ambient particle deposition in human subjects. Aerosol Science and Technology, 38, 980-990, 204.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Baek, S. O., Heo, Y. K. and Park, Y. H. : Characterization of concentrations of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere of Pohang Area. Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 30(3), 302-313, 2008.   과학기술학회마을
12 Kim, K. H., Kim, M. Y., Shin, J. Y., Choi, G. H. and Kang, C. H. : $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$, TSP, based on observations over time of dust particles during the study on the characteristics of the distribution: of the four stations around Seoul, a 2001 case study on the duration of the spring dust. Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 18(5), 419-426, 2002.
13 Park, K. H. and Peter, H. McMurry : Studies on sizeresolved hygroscopic properties of fine aerosol particles in the atlanta ambient atmosphere. Korea Society for Atmospheric Environment, 2006.
14 Lee, H. B. : Characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in Chungnam, Korea. Sangmyung University of Graduate School, 2007.
15 Gong, M. H. : Asan and Seoul in some areas fine particles (PM2.5) concentration and composition of metals, Soonchunhyang University of Graduate School, 2002.
16 Choi, D. M. : A source identification and characteristics by the airborne heavy metals of cement factory outskirts area inhabitants. Hanyang University of Graduate School, 2008.
17 Kang, G. U. : Concentration characteristics and health effect assessment of atmospheric particulate matters during asian dust storm episodes. Korean Journal of Environmental Health, 35(1), 21-35, 2009.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Yoon, C. S. : Potential health risks and issues of nanoparticles, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology News, 8-21, 2007.