Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.20909/kopast.2018.24.3.107

A Study on the Migration of Heavy Metals from Polycarbonate Food Contact Materials Using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)  

Park, Se-Jong (Food Additives and Packaging Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation)
Park, So-Ra (Food Additives and Packaging Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation)
Kim, MeeKyung (Food Additives and Packaging Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation)
Choi, Jae Chun (Food Additives and Packaging Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation)
Publication Information
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / v.24, no.3, 2018 , pp. 107-112 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the migration levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) from polycarbonate food contact materials into food simulant at different temperatures ($70^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$). The method was validated by linearity of calibration curves, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, precision and uncertainty. All of 200 samples, including bottles, cups, containers, ladles, spoons and tongs were purchased from domestic markets and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean concentrations of positive samples were higher at $100^{\circ}C$ than $70^{\circ}C$ as showing a dependency of migration temperature. The migration concentrations ranged from not-detected (ND) to $4.67{\mu}g/L$, ND to $0.49{\mu}g/L$L and ND to $2.91{\mu}g/L$ for Pb, Cd and As, respectively, which were far below the migration limits of Korea standards and specifications for food utensils, containers and packages.
Keywords
Migration; Polycarbonate; Lead; Cadmium; Arsenic; ICP-MS;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). 2010. Summary and conclusions of seventy-third meeting (JECFA/73/SC). Issued on 24th June, 2010.
2 Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). 2010. Summary and conclusions of seventy-second meeting (JECFA/72/SC). Issued on 16th March, 2010.
3 National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS). 2011. Study for establishment of health based guidance value on hazardous material. The R&D annual report. Republic of Korea: NIFDS.
4 National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS). 2014. Study of the establishment of health-based guidance values for food contaminants and food additives. The R&D annual report. Republic of Korea: NIFDS.
5 Pressman, E. J., Johnson, B. F., and Shafer, S. J. 2005. Monomers for polycarbonate manufacture: synthesis of BPA and DPC. ACS Symposium Series 898: 22-38.
6 Fukuoka, S., Tojo, M., Hachiya, H., Aminaka, M., and Hasegawa, K. 2007. Green and sustainable chemistry in practice: development and industrialization of a novel process for polycarbonate production from $CO_2$ without using phosgene. Polymer Journal 39: 91-114.   DOI
7 Nam, S. H., Seo, Y. M., and Kim, M. G. 2010. Bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate baby bottle with repeated use. Chemosphere 79: 949-952.   DOI
8 Simoneau, C., Valzacchi, S., Morkunas, V., and Van den Eede, L. 2011. Comparison of migration from polyethersulphone and polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Additives and Contaminants 28: 1763-1768.
9 Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). 2011. Monitoring on Monomer Migration from Synthetic Polymers. The R&D Annual Report. Republic of Korea: KFDA. Available from http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/commons/util/ndslOriginalView.do?cn=TRKO201200007052& dbt=TRKO.
10 Erdem, Y. K. and Acar F. 2012. Migration of bisphenol A into the natural spring water packaged in polycarbonate carboys. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology 2: 152-156.
11 Hadiani, M. R., Dezfooli-manesh, S., Shoeibi, S., Ziarati, P., and Khaneghah, A. M. 2015. Trace elements and heavy metals in mineral and bottled drinking waters on the Iranian market. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 8: 18-24.   DOI
12 International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 1995. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Geneva. Switzerland.
13 Kiyataka, P. H. M., Danta, S. T., and Pallone, J. A. L. 2014. Method for assessing lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in high-density polyethylene packaging and study of the migration into yoghurt and simulant. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 31: 156-163.   DOI
14 Bratinova, S., Raffael, B., and Simoneau, C. 2009. Guidelines for performance criteria and validation procedures of analytical methods used in controls of food contact materials. JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, EUR 24105 EN-1st edition. European Commission.
15 Elison, S. L. R., Roesslein, M. I., and Williams, A. 2000. Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement. EURACHEM. London. UK. pp. 32-94. Available from: https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf.
16 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 2014. Agents classified by the IARC monographs 1-109.
17 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). 2013. A Handbook of analysis method of the migration from utensils, containers and packages. Republic of Korea: MFDS. Available from http://www.mfds.go.kr/index.do?mid=1162&seq=6681&cmd=v.
18 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). 2016. Production of food and food additives. Republic of Korea: MFDS. Available from http://www.mfds.go.kr/brd/m_374/view.do?seq=29357&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=&srchTp=&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&multi_itm_seq=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=1
19 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). 2015. Standards and specifications for food utensils, containers and packages. Republic of Korea: MFDS. Available from http://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/eng/index.do?nMenuCode=120&page=1&mode=view&boardSeq=70089.