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http://dx.doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2016.49.2.089

Occurrence Patterns of C4 Plants in Agroecosystems (farming fields) in South Korea  

Yang, Dongwoo (Department of Biological Science, Ajou University)
Lee, Eunjeong (NPO ECO Korea)
Lee, Jinju (Department of Fundamental Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Min-Seob (Department of Fundamental Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Han, Donguk (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea)
Kim, Myung-Hyun (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development of Administration)
Cho, Kwang-Jin (National Institute of Ecology)
Oh, Young-Ju (Institute for Future Environmental Ecology Co., Ltd.)
Park, Sangkyu (Department of Biological Science, Ajou University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment / v.49, no.2, 2016 , pp. 89-101 More about this Journal
Abstract
To elucidate occurrence patterns of $C_4$ plants in agroecosystems, we surveyed flora inside fields and embankments in 222 sites in farming lands in summer and fall, 2013. We also observed Kranz anatomy and analyzed carbon stable isotope to classify photosynthesis types. Our study observed total 54 species of $C_4$ plants in 33 genera and 9 families of vascular plants besides cultivated crops occurring in farming fields. The most common species was Portulaca oleracea L. followed by Digitaria ciliaris and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. var. crusgalli among the $C_4$ plants. The ratios of $C_3$ and $C_4$ species number to total number of species tended to maintain constant regardless of survey times and habitat types. The proportion of $C_4$ species to the total number of species were more influenced by the number of $C_3$ species than those of other types in the surveyed sites. Sizes of cultivation areas did not affect the proportions of $C_4$ plants. Increasing number of simultaneous weeding methods, especially with cutting method, appeared to decrease the number of $C_3$ plants. On the other hand, as the number of cultivated crops increased, both $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants increased but the proportions of $C_4$ species remained. We interpret our results that proportion of $C_4$ species in agroecosystems, appear to be dependent on the number of $C_3$ species, which in turn, appear to be affected by cultivation methods.
Keywords
carbon stable isotope; $C_4$ species; farming fields; Kranz anatomy; occurrence patterns;
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