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Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Basic Water Quality in the Upper Regions of Brackish Lake Sihwa with a Limited Water Exchange  

Choi, Kwnag-Soon (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Kim, Sea-Won (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Kim, Dong-Sup (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Oh, Young-Taek (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Heo, Woo-Myoung (Division of Construction Engineering, Kangwon National University)
Lee, Yun-Kyoung (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
Park, Yong-Soon (Sihwa Lake Environmental Management Center, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
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Abstract
Temporal and spatial distributions of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity were investigated at seven sites in the upper regions of brackish Lake Sihwa with a limited water exchange, from March to October 2005. During the study period, salinity and temperature varied $0.1{\sim}29.9\;psu$ and $4.7{\sim}28.1^{\circ}C$, respectively, depending on seasons and sites sampled. A distinct halocline profile showing the maximum density gradient (difference over $20\;psu\;m^{-1}$ between surface and bottom layers) was observed during the rainy season, due to the decrease of salinity in surface layers by freshwater inflow. This result implies that rainfall event is the important factor forming the halocline. On the other hand, the depth and location of haloeline varied with the amount of seawater through the sluice gates and the operation systems (inflow or outflow). High DO (over 300% saturation) was observed at surface layer above the halocline in April when red tide occurred, whereas low DO (below 20% saturation) was at the bottom layer below the halocline in the rainy season. Turbidity ranged $1.5{\sim}80.3\;NTU$ showing the maximum turbidity at the layers above or upper the halocline. As a result, the distributions of DO and turbidity in the upper regions of brackish Lake Sihwa were largely affected by the variation of salinity. Also, when the halocline was formed, the water quality between upper and lower water layers may be expected completely different. This study suggests that the physicochemical characteristics of water in the brackish regions are closely associated with the causes of eutrophication such as red tide and DO deficit.
Keywords
Lake Sihwa; brackish water; halocline; water quality; distribution;
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