Browse > Article

The Serial Change of Cerebral Hemodynamics by Vascular Territory after Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery in Patients with Atherosclerosis of Cerebral Arteries  

Hong, Il-Ki (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medial Center, Ulsan University School of Medicine)
Kim, Jae-Seung (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medial Center, Ulsan University School of Medicine)
Ahn, Jae-Sung (Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medial Center, Ulsan University School of Medicine)
Kwon, Sun-Uck (Department of Neurology, Asan Medial Center, Ulsan University School of Medicine)
Im, Ki-Chun (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medial Center, Ulsan University School of Medicine)
Lee, Jai-Hyuen (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medial Center, Ulsan University School of Medicine)
Moon, Dae-Hyuk (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medial Center, Ulsan University School of Medicine)
Publication Information
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / v.42, no.1, 2008 , pp. 8-16 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the effect of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery on hemodynamic improvement, we evaluated serial regional cerebral hemodynamic change of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in symptomatic patients with atherosclerotic occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or MCA using $^{99m}Tc$-ECD acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT (Acetazolamide SPECT). Materials and Methods: The patients who had suffered a recent stroke with atherosclerotic ICA or MCA occlusion underwent EC-IC bypass surgery and Acetazolamide SPECT at 1 week before and three to six months after surgery. For image analysis, attenuation corrected images were spatially normalized to SPECT templates with SPM2. Anatomical automated labeling was applied to calculate mean counts of each Volume-Of-Interest (VOI). Seven VOIs of bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal regions of the MCA territory and the ipsilateral cerebellum were defined. Using mean counts of 7 VOIs, cerebral perfusion index and perfusion reserve index were calculated. Results: Seventeen patients (M:F =12:5, mean age $53{\pm}2yr$) were finally included in the analysis. The cerebral blood flow of the parietal region increased at 1 week (p = 0.003) and decreased to the preoperative level at 3-6 months (p = 0.003). The cerebrovascular reserve of the frontal and parietal regions increased significantly at 1 week after surgery (p<0.01) and improved further at 3-6 months. Conclusion: Cerebrovascular reserve of the MCA territory was significantly improved at early postoperative period after EC-IC bypass and kept improved state during long-term follow-up, although cerebral blood flow did not significantly improved. Therefore, cerebrovascular reserve may be a good indicator of postoperative hemodynamic improvement resulted from bypass effect.
Keywords
internal carotid artery occlusion; EC-IC arterial bypass; SPECT; cerebral blood flow; cerebrovascular reserve capacity; acetazolamide;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Klijn CJM, Kappelle LJ. Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion: Extracranial Intracranial Bypass and other treatment options. In: Chaturvedi S, Rothwell PM, eds. Carotid artery stenosis: Current and emerging treatments. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2005. p. 277-86
2 Schmiedek P PA, Leinsinger G, Kirsch CM, Einhupl K. Improvement of cerebrovascular reserve capacity by EC-IC arterial bypass surgery in patients with ICA occlusion and hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 1994;81:236-44   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Selman WR, Lust WD, Ratcheson RA. Cerebral blood flow. In: Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS, eds. Neurosurgery. Vol 2: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 1997-2010
4 HY Lee DL, JC Paeng, CW Oh, MJ Cho, JK Chung, MC Lee. The efficacy of Quantitative Analysis of Basal/Acetazolamide SPECT Using SPM and Statistical Probabilistic Brain Atlas in Patients with Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis. Korean J Nucl Med 2002;36:357-67   과학기술학회마을
5 Matthias H, Alexander B, Winfried U, Jiirgen M. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve 5 years after EC-IC bypass. Neurosurg Rev 1991;14:275-8   DOI
6 Takagi Y, Hashimoto N, Iwama T, Hayashida K. Improvement of oxygen metabolic reserve after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in patients with severe haemodynamic insufficiency. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997;139(1):52-6; discussion 6-7   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Day AL, Rhoton AL, Jr., Little JR. The extracranial-intracranial bypass study. Surg Neurol 1986;26:222-6   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Iwama TMH, Nobuo MD; Takagi, Yasushi MD; Tsukahara, Tetsuya MD; Hayashida, Kohei MD. Predictability of Extracranial/Intracranial Bypass Function: A Retrospective Study of Patients with Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease. Neurosurgery 1997;40:53-60   DOI
9 Crowell RM, Ogilvy CS, Choi IS, Gress DR. Direct brain revascularization. In: Schmidek HH, Sweet WH, eds. Operative Neurosurgical Techniques. Vol 1: W.B. Saunders; 1995. p. 909-28
10 JS Eo CO, YK Kim, EK Park, WW Lee, SE Kim. Hemodynamic Outcome of Successful Bypass Surgery in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease: A study with Acetazolamide and 99mTc-ECD SPECT. Korean J Nucl Med 2006;40:293-301   과학기술학회마을
11 Group TEIBS. Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. The EC/IC Bypass Study Group. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1191-200   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Norihiko K, Kohei H, Toru I, IhnHo C, Naofumi M. Use of I-123 IMP brain SPET to predict outcome following STA-MCA bypass surgery: cerebral blood flow but not vasoreactivity is a predictive parameter. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 1998;V25:1637-42
13 Tulleken CA, Verdaasdonk RM. First clinical experience with Excimer assisted high flow bypass surgery of the brain. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1995;134(1-2):66-70   DOI
14 Batjer HHD, M D Sr; Purdy, P D; Mickey, B; Bonte, F J; Samson, D. Improvement in regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral vasoreactivity after extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass. Neurosurgery 1988;22:913-9   DOI
15 So Y, Lee HY, Kim SK, Lee JS, Wang KC, Cho BK, et al. Prediction of the clinical outcome of pediatric moyamoya disease with postoperative basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT after revascularization surgery. Stroke 2005;36(7):1485-9   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Umemura A, Yamada K, Masago A, Kanda Y, Matsumoto T, Shimazu N. Hemodynamic flow patterns evaluated by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography after STA-MCA bypass for internal carotid artery occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002;14(3-4):143-7   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Kim JS, Moon DH, Kim GE, Cho YP, Kim JS, Ryu JS, et al. Acetazolamide stress brain-perfusion SPECT predicts the need for carotid shunting during carotid endarterectomy. J Nucl Med 2000;41:1836-41
18 Mendelowitsch A, Taussky P, Rem JA, Gratzl O. Clinical outcome of standard extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004;146:95-101   DOI
19 Tulleken CAF, Verdaasdonk RM, Mansvelt Beck RJ, Mali WPTM. The modified excimer laser-assisted high-flow bypass operation. Surg Neurol 1996;46:424-9   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Ausman JI, Diaz FG. Critique of the extracranial-intracranial bypass study. Surg Neurol 1986;26:218-21   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Sundt TM, Meyer FB. Sundt's Occlusive Cerebrovascular disease. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science Health Science div; 1994. p. 489-511
22 Klijn CJ, Kappelle LJ, Tulleken CA, van Gijn J. Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion. A reappraisal of hemodynamic factors. Stroke 1997;28:2084-93   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Vorstrup S, Brun B, Lassen NA. Evaluation of the cerebral vasodilatory capacity by the acetazolamide test before EC-IC bypass surgery in patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Stroke 1986;17:1291-8   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Kuroda S, Kamiyama H, Abe H, Houkin K, Isobe M, Mitsumori K. Acetazolamide test in detecting reduced cerebral perfusion reserve and predicting long-term prognosis in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. Neurosurgery 1993;32:912-8; discussion 8-9   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, Delcroix N, et al. Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage 2002;15:273-89   DOI   ScienceOn