Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2022.111.1.150

Analysis of Tree Growth Characteristics by First and Second Thinning in Korean White Pine Plantations  

Lee, Daesung (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke))
Jung, Sunghoon (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University)
Choi, Jungkee (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.111, no.1, 2022 , pp. 150-164 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide basic information for the development of silvicultural guidelines and manuals. This was achieved through analysis of tree and stand characteristics according to the first and second thinning in Korean white pine plantations. Data were collected from permanent plots installed at Korean white pine plantations according to thinning intensity, and residual tree and stand variables, including diameter at breast height (DBH), volume, and mortality at age 19-43, were analyzed using data repeatedly collected in 4-5 measurements by experiments. According to one-way variance of analysis, tree DBH and volume were significantly different according to thinning intensity (p<0.05). DBH distribution was skewed to the left side over time as thinning intensity was heavier. Thus, tree DBH values were larger in heavy thinning plots with increased age. The periodic annual increment (PAI) of DBH was higher with heavier thinning intensity and fewer years after thinning. The PAI range by thinning intensity was 0.48-0.95 cm/year at age 19-24. In addition, the PAI increased in heavy thinning plots after the second thinning; The PAI range by thinning intensity was 0.29-0.67 cm/year after the second thinning at age 37-42. The PAI of tree volume differed according to thinning intensity, and the PAI value did not decrease obviously, in contrast to the pattern of the DBH PAI. Stand volume was generally higher in high-density stands, and the PAI of stand volume was high in unthinned and light thinning plots. Mortality was highest in unthinned plots, and the differences in mortality according to thinning intensity increased over time. Consequently, the growth of DBH and tree volume was lower as stand density increased, but this growth was facilitated with appropriate first and second thinning operations.
Keywords
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.; diameter at breast height (DBH); volume; periodic annual increment; thinning intensity; mortality;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kangwon National University. 2020. The 8th Management Plan for Forest Compartment in Research Forest, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University. Chuncheon, Korea, pp. 100. (in Korean)
2 Hwang, J.H., Bae, S.W., Lee, K.J., Lee, K.S. and Kim, H.S. 2008. Short-term effect of thinning on aboveground carbon storage in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation. Journal of Korean Forest Society 97(6): 605-610 (in Korean with English abstract).
3 Hynynen, J., Ojansuu, R., Hokka, H., Siipilehto, J., Salminen, H. and Haapala, P., 2002. Models for predicting stand development in MELA system. Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metsantutkimuslaitos), Research Paper 835. pp. 116.
4 Choi, I.H., Kim, J.H., Ji, B.Y., Shim, W.S. and Kim, H.S. 1996. Establishment of thinning experimental plots of Korean white pine stand(1). Research Bulletin of the Experiment Forests, College of Forestry, Kangwon National University 16: 152-160. (in Korean)
5 Choi, I.H., Won, H.K. and Choi, J.K. 2001. Establishment of thinning experimental plots of Korean white pine stand(III). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 21: 142-154. (in Korean)
6 National Institute of Forest Science. 2016. Empirical Yield Table. National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Korea. pp. 64. (in Korean).
7 National Institute of Forest Science. 2021. Growth Monitoring of Empirical Experiments to Foster and Nurture Forest Resources. National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul. pp. 127. (in Korean)
8 Lee, D. and Choi, J. 2020. Stocking diagrams for silvicultural guideline in Korean pines and Japanese larch. Forests 11(8): 833.   DOI
9 Makinen, H. and Isomaki, A. 2004a. Thinning intensity and growth of Scots pine stands in Finland. Forest Ecology and Management 201(2-3): 311-325.   DOI
10 Makinen, H. and Isomaki, A. 2004b. Thinning intensity and growth of Norway spruce stands in Finland. Forestry 77(4): 349-364.   DOI
11 Niemisto, P., Kilpelainen, H. and Poutiainen, E. 2018. Effect of first thinning type and age on growth, stem quality and financial performance of a Scots pine stand in Finland. Silva Fennica 52(2): 7816.
12 Choi, J.K., Hong, S.W., Choi, G.H., Kang, S.H., Hong, S.W., Shin, J.W. and Choi, I.H. 2009. Investigation of permanent sample plots(1),(2),(3) in the artificial stand of Pinus koraiensis(I). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 30: 49-79. (in Korean)
13 Nishizono, T., Tanaka, K., Hosoda, K., Awaya, Y. and Oishi, Y. 2008. Effects of thinning and site productivity on culmination of stand growth: results from long-term monitoring experiments in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) forests in northeastern Japan. Journal of Forest Research 13(5): 264-274.   DOI
14 Nyland, R.D. 1996. Silviculture: Concepts and Applications. McGraw-Hill. New York. pp. 633.
15 Rytter, L. and Stener, L.G. 2014. Growth and thinning effects during a rotation period of hybrid aspen in southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 29(8): 747-756.   DOI
16 R Core Team, 2019. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
17 Smith, D.M. 1986. The Practice of Silviculture. 8th. ed. Wiley. New York. pp. 527.
18 Wallentin, C. and Nilsson, U. 2011. Initial effect of thinning on stand gross stem-volume production in a 33-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand in Southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 26(11): 21-35.   DOI
19 Zhang, J., Ritchie, M.W., Maguire, D.A. and Oliver, W.W. 2013. Thinning ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands reduces mortality while maintaining stand productivity. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43(999): 311-320.   DOI
20 Choi, I.H. 2003. Income business and outline of the research forest of Kangwon National University. Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 23: 64-79 (in Korean).
21 Choi, J.K., Lee, B.K., Lee, D.S. and Choi, I.H. 2014a. Growth monitoring of Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation by thinning intensity. Journal of Korean Forest Society 103(3): 422-430. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
22 Korea Forest Service. 2021a. 2021 Statistical Yearbook of Forestry. Korea Forest Service, Daejeon, Korea, pp. 463. (in Korean)
23 Huuskonen, S. and Hynynen, J. 2006. Timing and intensity of precommercial thinning and their effects on the first commercial thinning in Scots pine stands. Silva Fennica 40(4): 645-662.
24 Korea Forest Research Institute. 2005. Standard Manual for Sustainable Forest Resource Management. Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Korea, pp. 289. (in Korean)
25 Korea Forest Research Institute. 2012a. commercial tree species 3 Pinus koraiensis. pp. 168. (in Korean)
26 Korea Forest Research Institute. 2012b. Stem Volume, Biomass, and Yield Table. Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Korea. pp. 261. (in Korean).
27 Korea Forest Research Institute. 2015. Thinning and Target Forest Type. Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Korea, pp. 156. (in Korean)
28 Korea Forest Service. 2021b. Budget Plan in 2021. https://www.forest.go.kr/. (in Korean)
29 Korea Meteorological Administration. 2021. Annual Climate Value in Korea. https://data.kma.go.kr/. (in Korean)
30 Lee, D.K., Kwon, K.W., Kim, J.H. and Kim, G.T. 2010. Silviculture. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea, pp. 334. (in Korean)
31 Amateis, R.L. and Burkhart, H.E. 2005. The influence of thinning on the proportion of peeler, sawtimber, and pulpwood trees in loblolly pine plantations. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 29(3): 158-162.   DOI
32 Bergh, J., Nilsson, U., Allen, H.L., Johansson, U. and Fahlvik, N. 2014. Long-term responses of Scots pine and Norway spruce stands in Sweden to repeated fertilization and thinning. Forest Ecology and Management 320: 118-128.   DOI
33 Choi, I.H., Kim, S.K. and Yi, M.J. 1999. Investigation of thinning experimental plots site 3 of Pinus koraiensis Stand(1). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 19: 104-112. (in Korean)
34 Choi, J.K., Lee, B.K., Choi, B.M., Shin, J.W. and Choi, I.W. 2010. Investigation of thinning experimental plots(1),(2), (3) of Korean white pine stand(1). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 30: 81-105. (in Korean)
35 Huuskonen, S., Hakala, S., Makinen, H., Hynynen, J. and Varmola, M. 2014. Factors influencing the branchiness of young Scots pine trees. Forestry 87(2): 257-265.   DOI
36 Lee, D., Seo, Y., Park, J. and Choi, J. 2017a. Thinning intensity for large diameter trees in Korean white pine plantation of South Korea. Journal of Forest and Environmental Science 33(1): 74-77.   DOI
37 Park, J.Y. 2017. A study on growth change by thinning intensity in Pinus koraiensis plantation for large timber production. M.S. thesis at Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, pp. 53. (in Korean with English abstract)
38 Pfister, O., Wallentin, C., Nilsson, U. and Eko, P.-M. 2007. Effects of wide spacing and thinning strategies on wood quality in Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 22(4): 333-343.   DOI
39 Choi, J.K., Seo, Y.W. and Lee, D.S. 2015. Investigation of thinning experimental plots(4~10) of Korean white pine plantation(III). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 35: 49-102. (in Korean with English abstract)
40 Choi, J.K., Jung, S.H., Lee, M.J. and Jin, H.J. 2021. Investigation of thinning experimental plots(3) of Korean white pine stand(IV). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 41: 17-28. (in Korean with English abstract)
41 Hynynen, J., Eerikainen, K., Makinen, H. and Valkonen, S. 2019. Growth response to cuttings in Norway spruce stands under even-aged and uneven-aged management. Forest Ecology and Management 437: 314-323.   DOI
42 Fahlvik, N., Rytter, L. and Stener, L.G. 2021. Production of hybrid aspen on agricultural land during one rotation in southern Sweden. Journal of Forestry Research 32(1): 181-189.   DOI
43 Choi, J.K., Lee, D.S., Seo, Y.W. and Choi, I.H. 2014b. Investigation of thinning experimental plots(1),(2) of Korean white pine stand(II). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 34: 1-26. (in Korean with English abstract)
44 Choi, J.K., Lee, D.S., Seo, Y.W., Kim, D.U., Park, J.Y. and Choi I.H. 2016. Investigation of thinning experimental plots(3) of Korean white pine stand(III). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 36: 22-39. (in Korean with English abstract)
45 Choi, J.K., Lee, D.S. and Han, S.Y. 2019. Investigation of thinning experimental plots(1),(2) of Korean white pine stand(III). Journal of Research Forest of Kangwon National University 39: 28-50. (in Korean with English abstract)
46 Jung, S.H. 2022. A Study on the tree growth by first and second thinning intensity in Korean white pine plantation. M.S. thesis at Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, p. 82. (in Korean with English abstract)
47 Amateis, R.L. 2000. Modeling response to thinning in loblolly pine plantations. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 24(1): 17-22.   DOI
48 Bae, S.W., Hwang, J.H., Lee, S.T., Kim, H.S. and Jeong, J.M. 2010. Changes in soil temperature, moisture content, light availability and diameter growth after thinning in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 99(3): 397-403.
49 Burkhart, H.E., Avery, T.E. and Bullock, B.P. 2019. Forest Measurements, 6th ed. Waveland Press, Inc. Long Grove, IL. pp. 434.
50 Hynynen, J. 1995. Predicting the growth response to thinning for Scots pine stands using individual-tree growth models. Silva Fennica 29(3): 225-246.   DOI
51 Jung, S., Seo, Y., Lee, D. and Choi, J. 2022. A study on the growth change by DBH class in Korean white pine plantation. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 111(1): 125-135. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
52 Knoebel, B.R., Burkhart, H.E. and Beck, D.E. 1986. A growth and yield model for thinned stands of yellow-poplar. Forest Science 32(suppl_2): a0001-z0002.
53 Lee, D. and Choi, J. 2019. Evaluating maximum stand density and size-density relationships based on the competition density rule in Korean pines and Japanese larch. Forest Ecology and Management 446: 204-213.   DOI
54 Rantala, S. 2011. Finnish Forestry: Practice and Management. Metsakustannus Oy, Finland.
55 Lee, D., Seo, Y. and Choi, J. 2017b. Estimation and validation of stem volume equations for Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, and Larix kaempferi in South Korea. Forest Science and Technology 13(2): 77-82.   DOI