Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2019.108.1.29

The Growth Performances and Soil Properties of Planted Zelkova serrata Trees according to Fertilization in Harvested Pinus rigida Plantation over 6 Years after Planting  

Yang, A-Ram (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
Cho, Min Seok (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.108, no.1, 2019 , pp. 29-39 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this study was to suggest a suitable amount of fertilizer using the changes in growth performances and soil properties for improving survival and quality of Zelkova serrata trees in a harvested Pinus rigida plantation. One-year-old containerized seedlings of Z. serrata were planted with the density of 3000 seedlings $ha^{-1}$ in end of March 2011 at Gwangneung experimental forest, Pocheon. Solid compound fertilizer (N:P:K=3:4:1) were applied yearly in three amounts (control: no fertilization, F1: $180kg\;ha^{-1}$, and F2: $360kg\;ha^{-1}$) every May from 2011 to 2013. We analyzed soil properties before (2011) and after (2012 and 2017) fertilization. And we measured the root collar diameter and height of Z. serrata trees from 2011 to 2016, and then calculated H/D ratio and stem volume. Soil properties at Z. serrata plantation did not show difference according to fertilization level in every investigation year. As time passed after planting, however, concentrations of total nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased from decreased. The growth of root collar diameter, height and stem volume of Z. serrata trees at F2 plot were significantly higher those at the other plots after only 2 years of fertilization. Because Z. serrata tree demand to more nutrient during the early growing period. The survival rate of Z. serrata trees at control plot was significantly lower than that at the other plots. This might be due to Z. serrata trees at control plot had not the upper hand from competition with vegetation at the early in planting. However, the growth of height and stem volume of Z. serrata trees between F1 and F2 plots did not show difference over 6 years after planting. Consequently, we could suggest that Z. serrata trees need to F1 fertilization level for considering improving survival and quality of Z. serrata trees and economical efficiency of plantation managements after harvesting P. rigida plantation.
Keywords
early growth; fertilization; reforestation; soil properties; Zelkova serrata;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 9  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Jeong, J.H., Koo, K.S., Lee, C.H. and Kim, C.S. 2002. Physico-chemical properties of Korean forest soils by regions. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 91(6): 694-700.
2 Jin, H.O., Yi, M.J., Shin, Y.O., Kim, J.J. and Jeon, S.K. 1994. Forest Soil. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea. pp. 325.
3 Jones Jr, J.B. 1999. Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Registry. 2nd Ed. Soil and Plant Analysis Council. CRC Press LLC. Florida, USA. pp. 209.
4 KFS (Korea Forest Service). 2018a. Annual Action Plan of Forest Resources. Korea Forest Service, Korea. pp. 312.
5 KFS (Korea Forest Service). 2018b. Results of Silviculture in 2017. Korea Forest Service, Korea. pp. 653.
6 KFS (Korea Forest Service). 2018c. Statistical Yearbook of Forestry. Korea Forest Service, Korea. pp. 444.
7 Kim, C., Jo, C.G., Baek, G., Park, S.W., Cho, H.S. and Ma, H.S. 2016. Soil physiochemical properties of tree plantations in a fire-disturbed forest and an undisturbed stand in Ulsan metropolitan city. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 105(2): 167-176.   DOI
8 Kim, C., Kim, W.S., An, H.C., Cho, H.S., Choo, G.C. and Lim, J.T. 2012. Short-term effects on soil property and leaf characteristics after soil amendment treatments in chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z.) orchards. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 101(3): 405-411.
9 Kim, C., Son, Y., Lee, W.K., Jeong, J. and Noh, N.J. 2009. Influence of forest tending works on carbon distribution and cycling in a Pinus densiflora S. et Z. stand in Korea. Forest Ecology and Management 257: 1420-1426.   DOI
10 Hwang, J.O., Son, Y., Yi, M.J., Byoun, J.K., Jung, J.H. and Lee, C.Y. 2003. Studies on relationship between composition and type of fertilizer and seedling. Forest Bioenergy 22(2): 44-53.
11 Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. 2010. Elements of the Nature and Properties of soils. 3rd Ed. Pearson, USA. pp. 614.
12 Baribault, T.W., Kobe, R.K. and Rothstein, D.E. 2010. Soil calcium, nitrogen, and water are correlated with aboveground net primary production in northern hardwood forests. Forest Ecology and Management 260(5): 723-733.   DOI
13 Kim, I.S. and Lee, J.H. 2013. Geographic variation of seed characteristics and 1-year-old seedling growth of Zelkova serrata. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 15(4): 234-244.   DOI
14 Kim, J.H., Kim, E.K., Kim, W.T. and Yoon, Y.H. 2014. The effects of functional pipe on Zelkova serrata growth in poorly drained planting ground. Journal of Environmental Science International 23(1): 81-88.   DOI
15 Kim, J.S., Son, Y., Lim, J.H. and Kim, Z.S. 1996. Aboveground biomass, N and P distribution, and litterfall in Pinus rigida and Larix leptolepis plantations. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 85(3): 416-425.
16 Kolb, T.E., Bowersox, T.W. and McCormick, L.H. 1990. Influence of light intensity on weed-induced stresses of tree seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20(5): 503-507.   DOI
17 Binkley, D. 1986. Forest Nutrition Management. Willey, USA. pp. 304.
18 Binkley, D. and Fisher, R.F. 2013. Ecology and Management of Forest Soils. 4th Ed. Willey, USA. pp. 347.
19 Burdett, A.N. 1990. Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specifications for forest planting stock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20(4): 415-427.   DOI
20 Burdett, A.N., Herring, L.J. and Thompson, C.F. 1984. Early growth of planted spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 14(5): 644-651.   DOI
21 Burke, I.C., Yonker, C.M., Parton, W.J., Cole, C.V., Schimel, D.S. and Flach, K. 1988. Texture, climate, and cultivation effects on soil organic matter content in U.S. grassland soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53(3): 800-805.   DOI
22 Byun, J.K., Kim, Y.S., Yi, M.J., Son, Y., Kim, C., Jeong, J.H., Lee, C.Y. and Jeong, Y.H. 2007. Growth response of Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Quercus acutissima seedlings at various levels of fertilization. Journal of Korean Forest Society 96(6): 693-698.
23 Cho, B.H. 2002. Soil Science. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea. pp. 56-57.
24 Cho, K.T., Jeong, H.M., Han, Y.S. and Lee, S.H. 2014. Variation of ecological niche of Quercus serrata under elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. Korean Journal of Environment and Biology 32(2): 95-101.   DOI
25 Lee, C.Y. and Park, B.W. 1988. Prospects and effect of forest fertilization. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 77(1): 109-115.
26 Kozlowski, T.T. and Pallardy, S.G. 1996. Physiology of Woody Plants. 2nd Ed. Academic Press Inc., Oval Road, London. pp. 411.
27 Lee, C.B. 1986. Dendrology. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea. pp. 161.
28 Lee, C.Y., Jeong, J.H., Son, Y., Byun, J.K. and Koo, C.D. 2009. Forest soils. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 42(1): 238-258.
29 Lee, I.K. and Son, Y. 2004. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on soil chemical properties of Pinus rigida and Larix kaempferi plantations in Yangpyeong area, Gyeonggi province. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 93(5): 349-359.
30 McMillin, J.D. and Wagner, M.R. 1995. Effects of water stress on biomass partitioning of ponderosa pine seedlings during primary root growth and shoot growth periods. Forest Science 41(3): 594-610.
31 Neary, D.G., Ryan, K.C. and DeBano, L.F. 2005. Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soil and water. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol.4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USA. pp. 250.
32 Won, K.R., Hong, N.E., Lee, K.W., Yoo, B.O., Park, Y.B., Jung, S.Y. and Byeon, H.S. 2014. Mechanical and physical wood properties of Quercus serrata due to damaged stands in southern region of Korea. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 48(6): 133-140.   DOI
33 Yang, A-R., Cho, M.S. and Hwang, J. 2014. The effects of seedling types and soil properties in relation to aspects on the early growth of planted Zelkova serrata seedlings. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 48(4): 1-12.   DOI
34 Yang, A-R., Hwang, J., Cho, M.S. and Son, Y. 2016. The effect of fertilization on early growth of konara oak and Japanese zelkova seedlings planted in a harvested pitch pine plantation. Journal of Forestry Research 27(4): 863-870.   DOI
35 Yang, A-R., Hwang, J., Cho, M.S. and Song, S.W. 2013. Soil physical and chemical properties with plantation regions and stand age in Pinus rigida and Larix kaempferi plantations. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 102(4): 578-586.   DOI
36 Yoon, T.K., Zhao, Y., Noh, N.J., Han, S., Kang, H. and Son, Y. 2014. Early fertilization and absorbent treatments continuously enhanced windbreak tree growth and soil properties in the Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia, China. Forest Science and Technology 10(1): 46-50.   DOI
37 Meyer, V.F., Redente, E.F., Barbarick, K.A., Brobst, R.B., Paschke, M.W. and Miller, A.L. 2004. Plant and soil responses to biosolids application following forest fire. Journal of Environmental Quality 33: 873-881.   DOI
38 Nambiar, E.K.S. and Sands, R. 1993. Competition for water and nutrients in forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23(10): 1955-1968.   DOI
39 NIFoS (National Institute of Forest Science). 2005. Standard Textbook on Forest Tending Work. I. General Forest. Korea: National Institute of Forest Science, pp. 64-73.
40 Cho, M.S., Jeong, J. and Yang, A-R. 2017a. Growing density and cavity volume of container influence major temperate broad-leaved tree species of physiological characteristics in nursery stage. Journal of Korean Forest Society 106(1): 40-53.   DOI
41 Cho, M.S., Kim, G.N., Lee, S.T. and Moon, H.S. 2012. Effects of fertilization treatments on growth of container and bare root seedlings of Pinus densiflora. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 46(2): 63-73.
42 Cho, M.S., Meng, L., Song, J.H., Han, S.H., Bae, K. and Park, B.B. 2017b. The effects of biochars on the growth of Zelkova serrata seedlings in a containerized seedling production system. Forest Science and Technology 13(1): 25-30.   DOI
43 Cho, M.S., Yang, A-R. and Hwang, J. 2015. Growth performances of container seedlings of deciduous hardwood species grown at three different fertilization treatments. Journal of Korean Forest Society 104(1): 90-97.   DOI
44 Drake, E.H. and Motto, H.L. 1982. An analysis of the effect of clay and organic matter content on the cation exchange capacity of New Jersey soils. Soil Science 133(5) 281-288.   DOI
45 Fukatsu, E., Isoda, K., Hirao, T., Takashi, m. and Watanabe, A. 2005. Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat DNA markers for Zelkova serrata. Molecular Ecology Notes 5: 378-380.   DOI
46 Grossnickle, S.C. 2012. Why seedlings survive: influence of plant attributes. New Forests 43: 711-738.   DOI
47 Hwang, J., Cho, M.S., Kim, W.K., Kim, S.K, Park, B.B. and Lee, S.W. 2013. Development of Container Nursery Production System for High Quality Seedling. National Institute of Forest Science. Seoul, Korea. Research report 13-12. pp. 194.
48 Park, J.H. 2014. Phytochemical variation of Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Quercus serrata murray (Fagaceae) in Mt. Jiri, Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 28(5): 574-587.   DOI
49 Oh, K.I., Cho, H.D., An, K.W. and Kim, C. 1999. Changes of ion concentrations in soil solution according to different cutting intensities and sampling times in Pinus rigida plantations. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 88(4): 438-445.
50 Oyama, H., Fuse, O., Tomimatsu, H. and Seiwa, K. 2018. Variable seed behavior increases recruitment success of a hardwood tree, Zelkova serrata, in spatially heterogeneous forest environments. Forest Ecology and Management 415-416: 1-9.   DOI
51 Park, J.H., Jung, S.Y., Yoo, B.O., Ju, N.G., Lee. K.S., Park, Y.B. and Kim, H.H. 2015. Comparison of height and DBH growth characteristics for Quercus acuta and Quercus serrata in southern Korea. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(6): 19-26.   DOI
52 Vesterdal, L., Schmidt, I.K., Callesen, I., Nilsson, L.O. and Gundersen, P. 2008. Carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil under six common European tree species. Forest Ecology and Management 255(1): 35-48.   DOI
53 Hwang, J. and Son, Y. 2006. Short-term effects of thinning and liming on forest soils of pitch pine and Japanese larch plantations in central Korea. Ecological Research 21(5): 671-680.   DOI
54 Park, J.H., Oh, K.I., An, K.W. and Kim, C. 2004. Growth characteristics of Quercus acutissima seedlings planted in various of strip clear-cutting of Pinus rigida plantations. Journal Korean Forestry Society 93(5): 360-371.
55 Pinto, J.R., Marshall, J.D., Dumroese, R.K., Davis, A.S. and Cobos, D.R. 2011. Establishment and growth of container seedlings for reforestation: A function of stocktype and edaphic conditions. Forest Ecology and Management 261(11): 1876-1884.   DOI
56 RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2000. Soil and Plant Analysis. National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration. pp. 202.
57 Smith, D.M., Larson, B.C., Kelty, M.J. and Ashton, P.M. 1996. The Practice of Silviculture: Applied Forest Ecology. 9th Ed. Wiley, USA. pp. 537.
58 Son, Y., Park, I.H., Yi, M.J., Jin, H.O., Kim, D.Y., Kim, R.H. and Hwang, J.O. 2004. Biomass, production and nutrient distribution of a natural oak forest in central Korea. Ecological Research 19(1): 21-28.   DOI
59 van den Driessche, R., Rude, W. and Martens, L. 2003. Effect of fertilization and irrigation on growth of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings over three seasons. Forest Ecology and Management 186: 381-389.   DOI
60 Welander, N.T. and Ottosson, B. 2000. The influence of low light, drought and fertilization on transpiration and growth in young seedlings of Quercus robur L. Forest Ecology and Management 127: 139-151.   DOI
61 Wilson, E,R., Vitols, K.C. and Park, A. 2007. Root characteristics and growth potential of container and bare-root seedlings of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ontario, Canada. New Forests 34(2): 163-176.   DOI