Browse > Article

Spatio-temporal Variations in the Dynamics and Export of Large Wood in Korean Mountain Streams  

Seo, Jung Il (College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University)
Chun, Kun Woo (Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Kim, Suk Woo (Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Im, Sangjun (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.101, no.3, 2012 , pp. 333-343 More about this Journal
Abstract
In-stream large wood (LW) has a critical impact on the geomorphic characteristics relevant to ecosystem management and disaster prevention, yet relatively little is known about variations in its dynamics and subsequent export on the watershed-scale perspective in Korea. Here we review variations in the dynamics and subsequent export of LW as a function of stream size, which is appropriate for Korean mountain streams. In upstream channels with narrow bankfull widths and low stream discharges, a massive amount of LW, resulting from forest dynamics and hillslope processes, may persist for several decades on valley floor. These pieces, however, are eventually transported during infrequent debris flows from small tributaries, as well as peak hydrology in main-stem channels. During the transport, these pieces suffer fragmentation caused by frictions with boulders, and stream bank and bed. Although infrequent, these events can be dominant processes in the export of significant amounts of LW from upstream channel networks. In downstream channels with wide bankfull widths and high stream discharges, LW is dominantly recruited by forest dynamics and bank erosion only at locations where the channel is adjacent to mature riparian forests. With the LW pieces that are supplied from the upstream, these pieces are continuously transported downstream during rainfall events. This leads to further fragmentation of the LW pieces, which increases their transportability. With decreasing stream-bed slope, these floated LW pieces, however, can be stored and form logjams at various depositional sites, which were developed by interaction between channel forms and floodplains. These pieces may decay for decades and be subsequently transported as particulate or dissolved organic materials, resulting in the limitation of LW fluvial export from the systems. However, in Korea, such depositional sites were developed in the extremely limited streams with a large dimension and no flood history for decades, and thus it does not be expected that the reduction of LW export amount, which can be caused by the long-term storage. Our review presents a generalized view of LW processing and is relevant to ecosystem management and disaster prevention for Korean mountain streams.
Keywords
in-stream large wood; mountain stream; riparian zone; geomorphic disturbance; ecosystem management; disaster prevention;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Nakamura, F. and Swanson, F.J. 1994. Distribution of coarse woody debris in a mountain stream, western Cascade Range, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24: 2395-2403.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Nakamura, F. and Swanson, F.J. 2003. Dynamics of wood in rivers in the context of ecological disturbance. pp. 279-297, In: S.V. Gregory, K.L. Boyer and A.M. Gurnell, ed. The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers (American Fisheries Society Symposium 37). American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
3 Marcus, W.A., Marston, R.A., Colvard, C.R. Jr. and Gray, R.D. 2002. Mapping the spatial and temporal distributions of woody debris in streams of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Geomorphology 44: 323-335.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Martin, D.J. and Benda, L.E. 2001. Patterns of instream wood recruitment and transport at the watershed scale. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130: 940-958   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Benda, L., Miller, D., Sias, J., Martin, D., Bilby, R., Veldhuisen, C. and Dunne, T. 2003. Wood recruitment processes and wood budgeting. pp. 49-73. In: S.V. Gregory, K.L. Boyer and A.M. Gurnell, ed. The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers (American Fisheries Society Symposium 37). American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
6 Bilby, R.E. 2003. Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of wood in streams and rivers. pp. 135-147. In S.V. Gregory, K.L. Boyer and A.M. Gurnell, ed. The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers (American Fisheries Society Symposium 37). American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
7 Bilby, R.E. and Ward, J.W. 1991. Characteristics and function of large woody debris in streams draining old-growth, clear-cut, and second-growth forests in southwestern Washington. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48: 2499-2508.   DOI
8 Bisson, P.A. and Bilby, R.E. 1998. Organic matter and trophic dynamics. pp. 373-398. In: R.J. Naiman and R.E. Bilby, ed. River Ecology and Management, Springer-Verlag. New York, NY, U.S.A.
9 Braudrick, C.A. and Grant, G.E. 2000. When do logs move in rivers? Water Resources Research 36: 571-583.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Braudrick, C.A. and Grant, G.E. 2001. Transport and deposition of large woody debris in streams: a flume experiment. Geomorphology 41: 263-283.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Carmona, M.R., Armesto, J.J., Aravena, J.C. and Perez, C.A. 2002. Coarse woody debris biomass in successional and primary temperate forests in Chiloé Island, Chile. Forest Ecology and Management 164: 265-275.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Comiti, F., Andreoli, A., Lenzi, M.A. and Mao, L. 2006. Spatial density and characteristics of woody debris in five mountain rivers of the Dolomites (Italian Alps). Geomorphology 78: 44-63.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Czarnomski, N.M., Dreher, D.M., Snyder, K.U. Jones, J.A. and Swanson, F.J. 2008. Dynamics of wood in stream networks of the western Cascades Range, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 2236-2248.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 砂防學會. 2000. 水邊域管理 : その理論.技術と實踐. pp.
15 全槿雨, 林榮浹, 金玟植, 車斗松, 江崎次夫. 2008. 韓國に おけるスリット砂防ダム導入の課題. 平成20年度砂防學會 硏究發表會槪要集: 500-501.
16 Abbe, T.B. and Montgomery, D.R. 2003. Patterns and processes of wood debris accumulation in the Queets river basin, Washington. Geomorphology 51: 81-107. 16 Anderson, M.G. and Burt, T.P. 1990. Process studies in hillslope hydrology: an overview. pp. 1-8. In: M.G. Anderson and T.P. Burt, ed. Process Studies in Hillslope Hydrology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Chichester, U.K.
17 Anderson, N.H., Sedell, J.R., Roberts, L.M. and Triska, F.J. 1978. The role of aquatic macroinvertebrates in processing of wood debris in coniferous forest streams. American Midland Naturalist 100: 64-82.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 獨立行政法人防災科學技術硏究所. 2002. MPレダ雨量に よる土砂災害危域の推定(I). http://lapsus.bosai.go.jp/lapsus/ dosha_map/sgm1.htm.
19 Asaeda, T., Gomes, P.I.A. and Takeda, E. 2009. Spatial and temporal tree colonization in a midstream sediment bar and the mechanisms governing tree mortality during a flood event. River Research and Applications 26: 960-976. DOI 10.1002/rra.1313.
20 Benda, L.E. and Cundy, T.W. 1990. Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27: 409-417.   DOI
21 東三郞. 2000. 河川生態系の再生に關する硏究. 森林空間硏究所. pp. 45.
22 동해안산불피해지 공동조사단. 2000a. 산불피해지의 건전한 자연생태계 복원 및 항구적인 산림복구계획 수립을 위한 동해안 산불지역 정밀조사 보고서 I. 동해안산 불피해지 공동조사단. pp. 533.
23 동해안산불피해지 공동조사단. 2000b. 산불피해지의 건전한 자연생태계 복원 및 항구적인 산림복구계획 수립을 위한 동해안 산불지역 정밀조사 보고서 II. 동해안산 불피해지 공동조사단. pp. 311.
24 서정일, 전근우, 김민식, 염규진, 이진호, 木村正信. 2011. 산지계류에 있어서 유목의 종단적 분포특성. 한국임학회지 100: 52-61.
25 안영상, 조희두, 서정일, 김석우, 전근우. 2003. 하도 내 달뿌리풀 서식에 대한 바닥막이의 영향 분석. 한국임학회지 92: 168-175.
26 전근우, 김민식, 박완근, 江崎次夫. 1997. 산지급류소하천에 있어서 하상미지형과 유목 특성. 한국임학회지 86: 69-79.
27 전근우, 서문원, 안영상, 서정일, 김석우, 양동윤, 新谷融. 2002. 저댐군의 수리모형실험. 2002년도 한국임학회 학술연구 발표논문집: 152-154.
28 전근우, 김석우, 서정일, 中村太士, 新谷融. 2004. 저댐군의 수리모형실험(III): 토사유입이 하상변동에 미치는 영향. 2004년도 한국임학회 학술연구 발표논문집: 355-357.
29 전근우, 임영협, 김민식, 염규진, 김윤진, 이진호, 남수연. 2008. 수리모형실험에 의한 원통형 슬릿트댐의 유목포착 효과. 2008년도 한국임학회 정기학술연구 발표논문집: 283-286.
30 전근우, 김석우, 서정일, 장수진. 2009. 일본 홋카이도 (北海道) 지역의 저댐군공법. 산림공학기술 7: 142-157.
31 Friedman, J.M. and Auble, G.T. 1999. Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 15: 463-476.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 행정자치부 국립방재연구소. 2002. 2002 태풍 루사 피해 현장조사 보고서. pp. 259.
33 Flebbe, P.A. and Dolloff, C.A. 1995. Trout use of woody debris and habitat in Appalachian wilderness streams of North Carolina. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 15: 579-590.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Fremier, A.K., Seo, J.I. and Nakamura, F. 2010. Watershed controls on the export of large wood from stream corridors. Geomorphology 117: 33-43. DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph. 2009.11.003.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Gurnell, A.M., Piégay, H., Swanson, F.J. and Gregory, S.V. 2002. Large wood and fluvial processes. Freshwater Biology 47: 601-619.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Harmon, M.E., Franklin, J.F., Swanson, F.J., Sollins, P., Gregory, S.V., Lattin, J.D., Anderson, N.H., Cline, S.P., Aumen, N.G., Sedell, J.R., Lienkaemper, G.W., Cromack, K. Jr. and Cummins, K.W. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15: 133-302.
37 Hassan, M.A., Hogan, D.L., Bird, S.A., May, C.L., Gomi, T. and Campbell, D. 2005. Spatial and temporal dynamics of wood in headwater streams of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41: 899-919.
38 Hyatt, T.L. and Naiman, R.J. 2001. The residence time of large woody debris in the Queets River, Washington, USA. Ecological Applications 11: 191-202.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Inoue, M. and Nakano, S. 1998. Effects of woody debris on the habitat of juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in northern Japanese streams. Freshwater Biology 40: 1-16.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Johnson, S.L., Swanson, F.J., Grant, G.E. and Wondzell, S.M. 2000. Riparian forest disturbances by a mountain flood: the influence of floated wood. Hydrological Processes 14: 3031-3050.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Keller, E.A. and Swanson, F.J. 1979. Effects of large organic material on channel form and fluvial processes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 4: 361-380.   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Knighton, A.D. 1999. Downstream variation in stream power. Geomorphology 29: 293-306.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Krauss, K.W., Doyle, T.W., Twilley, R.R., Smith III, T.J., Whelan, K.R.T. and Sullivan, J.K. 2005. Woody debris in the mangrove forests of South Florida. Biotropica 37: 9-15.   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Latterell, J.J. and Naiman, R.J. 2007. Sources and dynamics of large logs in a temperate floodplain river. Ecological Applications 17: 1127-1141.   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Lecce, S.A. 1997. Nonlinear downstream changes in stream power on Wisconsin's Blue River. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87: 471-486.   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Lienkaemper, G.W. and Swanson, F.J. 1987. Dynamics of large woody debris in streams in old-growth Douglas-fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17: 150-156.   DOI
47 Magilligan, F.J. 1992. Thresholds and the spatial variability of flood power during extreme floods. Geomorphology 5: 373-390.   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Anderson, M.G. and Burt, T.P. 1990. Process studies in hillslope hydrology: an overview. pp. 1-8. In: M.G. Anderson and T.P. Burt, ed. Process Studies in Hillslope Hydrology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Chichester, U.K.
49 Swanson, F.J. and Lienkaemper, G.W. 1978. Physical consequences of large organic debris in Pacific Northwest streams. General Technical Report PNW-69: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, U.S.A.
50 Swanson, F.J. 1981. Fire and geomorphic processes. pp. 401-420. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Fire Regimes and Ecosystem Properties. USDA Forest Service Publication. Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.
51 Wipfli, M.S., Richardson, J.S. and Naiman, R.J. 2007. Ecological linkages between headwaters and downstream ecosystems: transport of organic matter, invertebrates, and wood down headwater channels. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43: 72-85.   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Nakano, D., Nagayama, S., Kawaguchi, Y. and Nakamura, F. 2008. River restoration for macroinvertebrate communities in lowland rivers: insights from restorations of the Shibetsu River, north Japan. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 4: 63-68.   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Wohl, E. and Jaeger, K. 2009. A conceptual model for the longitudinal distribution of wood in mountain streams. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34: 329-344. DOI 10.1002/esp.1722.   DOI   ScienceOn
54 Nakamura, F., Swanson, F.J. and Wondzell, S.M. 2000. Disturbance regimes of stream and riparian systems: a disturbance-cascade perspective. Hydrological Processes 14: 2849-2860.   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Nakamura, F., Shin, N. and Inahara, S. 2007. Shifting mosaic in maintaining diversity of floodplain tree species in the northern temperate zone of Japan. Forest Ecology and Management 241: 28-38.   DOI   ScienceOn
56 Piégay, H. 2003. Dynamics of wood in large rivers. pp. 109-133. In: S.V. Gregory, K.L. Boyer and A.M. Gurnell, ed. The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers (American Fisheries Society Symposium 37). American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
57 Polit, J.I. and Brown, S. 1996. Mass and nutrient content of dead wood in a central Illinois floodplain forest. Wetlands 16: 488-494.   DOI   ScienceOn
58 Reeves, G.H., Benda, L.E., Burnett, K.M., Bisson, P.A. and Sedell, J.R. 1995. A disturbance-based ecosystem approach to maintaining and restoring freshwater habitats of evolutionarily significant units of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. pp. 334-349. In: J. Nielsen, ed. Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem, American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
59 Reinfields, I., Cohen, T., Batten, P. and Brierly, G.J. 2004. Assessment of downstream trends in channel gradient, total, and specific stream power: a GIS approach. Geomorphology 60: 403-416.   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Richardson, J.S., Bilby, R.E. and Bondar, C.A. 2005. Organic matter dynamics in small streams of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41: 921-934.
61 Robertson, A.I. and Daniel, P.A. 1989. Decomposition and the annual flux of detritus from fallen timber in tropical mangrove forests. Limnology and Oceanography 34: 640-646.   DOI   ScienceOn
62 Seo, J.I. and Nakamura, F. 2009. Scale-dependent controls upon the fluvial export of large wood from river catchments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34: 786-800. DOI 10.1002/esp.1765.   DOI   ScienceOn
63 Seo, J.I., Nakamura, F., Nakano, D., Ichiyanagi, H. and Chun, K.W. 2008. Factors controlling the fluvial export of large woody debris, and its contribution to organic carbon budgets at watershed scales. Water Resources Research 44:W04428. DOI 10.1029/2007WR006453.
64 Seo, J.I., Nakamura, F. and Chun, K.W. 2010. Dynamics of large wood at the watershed scale: a perspective on current research limits and future directions. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 6: 271-287. DOI 10.1007/ s11355-010-0106-3.   DOI   ScienceOn
65 Seo, J.I., Nakamura, F., Akasaka, T., Ichiyanagi, H. and Chun, K.W. 2012. Large wood export regulated by the pattern and intensity of precipitation along a latitudinal gradient in the Japanese archipelago. Water Resources Research 48:W03510. DOI 10.1029/2011WR010880.
66 May, C.L. and Gresswell, R.E. 2003. Large wood recruitment and redistribution in headwater streams in the southern Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 1352-1362.   DOI   ScienceOn
67 Meyer, G.A. and Wells, S.G. 1997. Fire-related sedimentation events on alluvial fans, Yellowstone National Park, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 67: 776-791.
68 Moulin, B. and Piegay, H. 2004. Characteristics and temporal variability of large woody debris trapped in a reservoir on the River Rhone (Rhone): implications for river basin management. River Research and Applications 20: 79-97.   DOI   ScienceOn
69 Montgomery, D.R., Collins, B.D., Buffington, J.M. and Abbe, T.B. 2003. Geomorphic effects of wood in rivers. pp. 21-47. In: S.V. Gregory, K.L. Boyer and A.M. Gurnell, ed. The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers (American Fisheries Society Symposium 37). American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
70 Mossop, B. and Bradford, J. 2004. Importance of large woody debris for juvenile Chinook salmon habitat in small boreal forest streams in the upper Yukon River basin, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 1955-1966.   DOI   ScienceOn
71 Nagayama, S. and Nakamura, F. 2010. Fish habitat rehabilitation using wood in the world. Landscape and Ecological Engineering 6: 289-305.   DOI   ScienceOn
72 Naiman, R.J., Melillo, J.M., Lock, M.A., Ford, T.E. and Reice, S.R. 1987. Longitudinal patterns of ecosystem processes and community structure in a subarctic river continuum. Ecology 68: 1139-1156.   DOI   ScienceOn
73 Naiman, R.J., Fetherston, K.L., McKay, S.J. and Chen, J. 1998. Riparian forests. pp. 289-323. In: R.J. Naiman and R.E. Bilby, ed. River Ecology and Management. Springer, New York, U.S.A.
74 Nakamura, F. and Kikuchi, S. 1996. Some methodological developments in the analysis of sediment transport processes using age distribution of floodplain deposits. Geomorphology 15: 139-145.
75 Nakamura, F. and Swanson, F.J. 1993. Effects of coarse woody debris on morphology and sediment storage of a mountain stream system in western Oregon. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 18: 43-61.   DOI