Browse > Article

Root Adaptation of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. in the Differently Acidified Forest Soil in Korea  

Lee, Do-Hyung
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.93, no.1, 2004 , pp. 50-58 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of development of root and soil condition and also to elucidate mechanical and physical stability according to distribution of roots of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. natural stands of 35 to 45 years of age with different soil pH condition. The average tree age in Gyeongsan stand was 42 years old which was 5 years older than that of Uljin stand, however average tree height in Gyeongsan stand(11.7m) was lower than that of Uljin stand(18.6m). In the root structure, remarkably different root pattern was shown between the two stands. Uljin stand showed longer in the total length of root than Gyeongsan stand and the ratio between length of horizontal and vertical root was almost same in Uljin stand, while Gyeongsan stand showed comparatively higher value in the horizontal roots. In total weight of root, Uljin stand showed much higher value(75.13kg) than Gyeongsan stand (41.28kg) and the amount of thin root was also showed higher value in Uljin stand(7.34kg) than Gyeongsan stand(1.23kg). In root development by soil depth, most of roots developed much more deeply into soil in Uljin stand than in Gyeongsan stand. As a result of analysis of the growth ring of the root, Uljin stand showed better root growth than that of Gyeongsan stand. In Gyeongsan stand having pH value(4.45), much modified roots, the abnormal root branch form such as fork, gun and rake type were appeared and it seemed to be attributed by the soil acidification. In conclusion, the root development pattern of Pinus densiflora is likely adapted to the soil condition especially acidification of soil and this caused in various modified roots. The pattern of root structure in the acidified soil was being adapted from well developed vertical root system to horizontal root system with small number of roots and these modified root structure will result in the reduction of growth and the resistance against wind, drought and pests of Pinus densiflora stand.
Keywords
acidification; branch form; growth ring; physical and mechanical stability; root structure;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 이도형. 2000. 토양산성화정도에 따른 독일가문비나무(Picea abies [L.] Karst) 뿌리구조의 특성에 관한 연구. 한국임학회지 89(5)：677-684
2 Arnold, G. 1992. Soil acidification as caused by the nitrogen uptake pattern of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Plant and Soil 142(1)：41-51
3 Arnold, G. 1993. Soil acidification and imbalanced nutrient availability in scots pine forest soils in the Netherlands. Wageningen (Netherlands), Landbouwuniversiteit. 139p
4 Gruber, F. 1992. Dynamik und Regeneration der Geh$\ddot{o}$lze：Baumarchitektur auf $\ddot{o}$kologisch dynamischer Grundlage und zur Bioindikation am Beispiele der Europ$\ddot{a}$ischen Fichten, Wei$\beta$tanne, Douglasie und Europ$\ddot{a}$ischen Larch. Berichte des Forschungszentrums Wald$\ddot{o}$kosysteme der Universit$\ddot{a}$t G$\ddot{o}$ttingen, Reihe A, Band 86：1 420
5 Hallb$\ddot{a}$cken, L. 1992. Long　term changes of base cation pools in soil and biomass in beech and a spruce forest of southern Sweden. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 155：51-60   DOI
6 H$\ddot{u}$ttermann, A. 1983. Auswirkungen s$\ddot{a}$urer Deposition auf die Physiologie des Wurzelraumes von Wald$\ddot{o}$kosystemen. Allegemeine Forestzeitschrift pp 663-664
7 Puhe, J. 1994. Die Wurzelentwicklung der Fichte(Picea abies [L.] Karst.) bei unterschiedlichen chemischen Bodenbedingungen. Bericht,e des Forschungszentrums Wald$\ddot{o}$kosysteme der Universit$\ddot{a}$t G$\ddot{o}$ttingen, Reihe A, Band 108：1-128
8 Ulrika J., R. Ulrika, T. Gunnar. and N. Bengt. 2003. Acidification nduced chemical changes in coniferous forest soils in southern Sweden 1988 1999. Environmental Pollution 123(2003)：75-3
9 이도형. 2001. 토양산성화정도에 따른 독일가문비나무(Picea abies [L.] Karst) 뿌리발달과 분지구조에 관한 연구. 한국임학회지 90(4)：458-464
10 IIvesniemi, H. and M. Holmberg. 1992. A comparison of measured and calculated effects of artificial acid rain on cations in soil solution and exchange sites. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research(Sweden) 7(4)：445-455
11 Ledig, F. T., F. H. Borman and K. F. Wenger. 1970. The distribution of dry matter growth between shoot and roots in Loblolly Pine. Botanical Gazette 131(4)：349-359   DOI   ScienceOn
12 K$\ddot{o}$stler, J. N., E. Br$\ddot{u}$ckner. and H. Bibelriether. 1968. Die Wurzel der Waldb$\ddot{a}$ume, Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg, Berlin. pp 1-55
13 Farrell, E.P., I. Nilsson, C. O. Tamm. and G. Wiklander. 1980. Effects of artificial with sulphuric acid on soil chemistry in a scots pine forest. International conference on the ecological impact of acid precipitation. Sandefjord Norway) p 11-14
14 Gruber, F. 1994. Morphology of coniferous trees：possible effects of soil acidification on the morphology of Norway spruce and Silver fir. In：Effects of Acid Rain in Forest Processes, Wiley Liss, New York 265 324
15 Guderian, K., A. Klumpp and G. Klumpp. 1989. Reaktionen von Baumarten auf Luftschadstoffe unter kontrollierten Bedingungen. Internationalle Kongress. Waldschadensforschung Vortrage. Kernforschungszentrum Karsruhe. Band 1：445-478
16 H$\ddot{u}$ttl, R. F. and H. W. Z$\ddot{o}$ttl. 1986. Diagnostische D$\ddot{u}$ngungsversuche in gesch$\ddot{a}$digten Nadelbaumbest$\ddot{a}$nden S$\ddot{u}$dwestdeutschlands. IMA Querschnittsseminar 'Restabilisierungsmassnahmen (D$\ddot{u}$ngung)' in Karlsruhe. pp 16-17
17 Krause, W. H. M. and E. Matzner. 1985. Forest Decline in Europe：possible cause and etiology. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Acid Precipitation, Muskoka Conference '85, Canada
18 Billett, M.E., F. Parker Jewis, E. A. Fitzpatrick. and M. S. Cresser. 1990. Forest soil chemical changes between 1945/50 and 1987. Journal of Soil Science 41：133 145   DOI
19 Georg, J., M. H. W. Drexhage., E. Fritz., B. Fritz,, D. H. Schella., F. Lee., J. Gruber., M. Heimann., J. Kuhr., S. Schmidt., R. Schmidt., Zimmermann, and D. L. Godbold. 2001. Does soil acidity reduce subsoil rooting in Norway spruce(Picea abies). Plant and Soil 237：91 108   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Wesselink, L. G., K. J. Meiwes, E. Matzner. and A. Stein. 1995. Long term changes in water and soil chemistry in spruce and beech forest. Solling, Germany. Environmental Science and Technology 29：51-58   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Fenger, K.H. 1997. Biogeochemistry of magnesium in forest ecosystems. In：Magnesium Deficiency in Forest Ecosystems. Edition R. F. Huttl and W. Schaaf. pp 67 99. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
22 Matzner, E. and D. Murach. 1995. Soil changes induced by air pollutant deposition and their implication for forests in Central Europe. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85：63-76   DOI
23 Visser, P. H. B. and N. van. Breemen. 1995. Effects of water and nutrient application in a scots pine stand to tree growth and nutrient cycling. Plant and Soil 173(2)：299-310   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Ulrich, B. 1994. Nutrient and acid　base budget of central European forest ecosystems. In Effects of Acid Rain on Forest Processes. Editions D. L. Godbold and A. Hüttermann. pp 1-50. Wiley Liss, New York
25 Drexhage, M. and F. Gruber. 1998. Architecture of the skeletal root system of 40 year old Picea abies on strongly acidified soil in the Harz Mountain(Germany). Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28：13 22   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Godbold, D. L. and J. Georg. 1998. Aluminium accumulation in root cell walls coincides with inhibition of root growth but not with inhibition of magnesium uptake in Norway spruce. Physiologia Plantarum 102(4):553 560   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Adams, M. B. 1997. Acidic deposition and sustainable forest management in the central Appalachians, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 122：17 28   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Eichhorn, J. 1987. Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Feinwurzelsystemen bei unterschiedlich gesch$\ddot{a}$digten Altfichten(Picea abies Karst.) Diss. G$\ddot{o}$ttingen. 1 154
29 Ulrich, B. 1994. Nutrient and acid　base budget of central European forest ecosystems. In Effects of Acid Rain on Forest Processes. Editions D. L. Godbold and A. Huttermann. pp 1-50. Wiley Liss, New York
30 Lee, D. H. 1998. Architektur der Wurzelsysteme von Fichten(Picea abies [L.] Karst.) auf unterschiedlich versauerten Standorten. Berichte des Forschungszentrums Wald$\ddot{o}$kosysteme der Universit$\ddot{a}$t G$\ddot{o}$ttingen, Reihe A, Band 153：1-147