Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2021.36.1.64

Experimental and Analytical Study on Hydrogen-air Deflagrations in Open Atmosphere  

Kim, Yangkyun (Fire Research Institute, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology)
Park, Byoung Jik (Fire Research Institute, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Safety / v.36, no.1, 2021 , pp. 64-71 More about this Journal
Abstract
Experimental and analytical investigations are performed to explore the explosion characteristics of a hydrogen-air mixture in open atmosphere. A hydrogen-air mixture tent of total volume of 27 m3, with 40% hydrogen volume, is used to observe overpressure at a distance from the ignition source. Vapor cloud explosion analyses are performed using the TNO multi-energy model and Baker-Strehlow-Tang model. The results of these analyses are compared with experiment done from this study and references. The experimental results with and without obstacles indicate that the overpressure values measured at a distance of 4.5-21.5 m from the ignition source are about 9.4-3.6 kPa and 6.5-2 kPa, respectively. This implies that the overpressure with obstacles is approximately 1.7 times greater than that without obstacles. Analytical observation indicates that the results obtained with the Baker-Strehlow-Tang model with Mf = 0.2-0.35 are in good agreement with those of most of the previous studies, including that obtained from this study. Moreover, the TNO multi-energy model with a volume of 27 m3 well predicts the overpressure obtained from this study. Further studies should considered explosions in semi-confined spaces, which is more suitable for hydrogen refueling stations.
Keywords
deflagration; hydrogen explosions; overpressure; scaling law; hydrogen refueling station; vapor cloud explosions(VCEs);
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 H. Saitoh, T. Otsuka, T. Mizutani, K. Morimoto, T. Iwasa, N. Shimizu, Y. Naruo, H. Matsui, Y. Inatani and N. Yoshikawa, "Field Experiments of Hydrogen-air Deflagrations to Evaluate Appropriate Mixture Volumes by Scaling Law", Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, B Hen/Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., Part B, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 1099-1106, 2007.
2 S. Lee, Y. W. Chon, I. M. Lee and Y. W. Hwang, "A Study on the Vealuations of Damage Impact due to VCE in Liquid Hydrogen Charging Station", Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 56-63, 2017.   DOI
3 N. R. Mirza, S. Degenkolbe and W. Witt, "Analysis of Hydrogen Incidents to Support Risk Assessment", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, No. 18, pp. 12068-12077, 2011.   DOI
4 S. Kikukawa, F. Yamaga and H. Mitsuhashi, "Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Fueling Stations for 70 MPa FCVs", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 33, No. 23, pp. 7129-7136, 2008.   DOI
5 W. P. M. Mercx and A. C. van den Berg, "Methods for the Calculation of Physical Effects (The Yellow book)", TNO, The Netherlands, 1997.
6 M. J. Tang and Q. A. Baker, "A New Set of Blast Curves from Vapor Cloud Explosion", Process Safety Progress, Vol.18, No. 3, pp. 235-240, 1999.   DOI
7 Y. Sato, H. Iwabuchi, M. Groethe, E. Merilo and S. Chiba, "Experiments on Hydrogen Deflagration", J. Power Sources, Vol. 159, No. 1, pp. 144-148, 2006.   DOI
8 L. Melani, I. Sochet, X. Rocourt and S. Jallais, "Review of Methods for Estimating the Overpressure and Impulse Resulting from a Hydrogen Explosion in a Confined/Obstacled Volume", International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, Ajaccio, France, 2009.
9 W. P. M. Mercx, J. Weerheijm and T. L. A. Verhagen, "Some Considerations on the Damage Criteria and Safety Distances for Industrial Explosions", 11th Symposium on New Directions in Process Safety Hazards, Vol. 124, pp. 255-275, 1991.
10 M. Royle, L. C. Shirvill and T. A. Roberts, "Vapour Cloud Explosions from the Ignition of Methane/Hydrogen/Air Mixtures in a Congested Region", Proceedings of the 2nd ICHS Conference, San Sebastian, Spain, 2007.
11 W. E. Baker, "Explosions in Air", University of Texas Press, pp.54-77, 1973.
12 V. Molkov, "Fundamentals of Hydrogen Safety Engineering", www.bookboon.com, 2012.
13 SC. R. Bauwens and S. B. Dorofeev, "CFD modeling and Consequence Analysis of an Accidental Hydrogen Release in a Large Scale Facility", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, No. 35, pp. 20447-20454, 2014.   DOI
14 K. Wakabayashi, Y. Nakayama, T. Mogi, D. Kim, T. Abe, K. Ishikawa, E. Kuroda, T. Matsumura, S. Horiguchi, M. Oya and S. Fujiwara, "Experimental Study on Blast Wave Generated by Deflagration of Hydrogen-air Mixture Up to 200 m3", Sci. Technol. Energetic Mater. Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 25-28, 2007.
15 Kwangwoon University Industry-Academic Collaboration Foundation, "Development of Risk Assesment and Predictive Technology for Gas Release and Explosion Accident", NEMA-05-MD-05, 2006.
16 M. Groethe, E. Merilo, J. Colton, S. Chiba, Y. Sato and H. Iwabuchi, "Large-scale Hydrogen Deflagrations and Detonations", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, No. 13, pp. 2125-2133, 2007.   DOI
17 E. G. Merilo and M. A. Groethe, "Deflagration Safety Study of Mixtures of Hydrogen and Natural Gas in a Semi-open Space", Proceedings of the 2nd ICHS Conference, San Sebastian, Spain, 2007.
18 V. V. Molkov, D. V. Makarov and H. Schneider, "Hydrogen-air Deflagrations in Open Atmosphere: Large Eddy Simulation Analysis of Experimental Data", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, No. 13, pp. 2198-2205, 2007.   DOI
19 T. Otsuka, H. Saitoh, T. Mizutani, K. Morimoto and N. Yoshikawa, "Hazard Evaluation of Hydrogen-air Deflagration with Flame Propagation Velocity Measurement by Image Velocimetry using Brightness Subtraction", J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind., Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 427-432, 2007.   DOI
20 E. D. Mukhim, T. Abbasi, S. M. Tauseef and S. A. Abbasi, "A Method for the Estimation of Verpressure Generated by Open Air Hydrogen Explosions", Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 52, pp. 99-107, 2018.   DOI