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http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2022.26.6.897

Harmonic ACK Transmissions from Multiple Gateway considering the Quasi-Orthogonal Characteristic of LoRa CSS Spreading Factors  

Byeon, Seunggyu (Department of Artificial Intelligence, Silla University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering / v.26, no.6, 2022 , pp. 897-906 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel MAC protocol based on the harmonic transmission of ACK, called HAT-LoRa, for improving the reliability and the utilization in multiple gateway LoRa Networks. LoRa is basically vulnerable to collision due to the primitive pure ALOHA-like MAC. Whereas data frame delivery can be guaranteed by the transparent bridge of multiple receiving gateways, ACK is still transmitted by a single gateway in LoRa Network. HAT-LoRa provides the augmented reception opportunity of ACK via the simultaneous transmissions of identical ACK in multiple spreading factors. The proposed method reduces the expected transmission times of ACK double gateway environment as well as single gateway environment, by 55 and 60% in maximum, by 35% and 40% in average, in a single- and double-gateway environment, respectively. Especially, it outperforms under the environment where the distance between end device and gateways are similar to each other.
Keywords
Internet of Things; Low-power and Wide-area Networks; LoRa/LoRaWAN; Acknowledgement Control;
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