Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2014.18.3.643

Differential CORDIC-based High-speed Phase Calculator for 3D Depth Image Extraction from TOF Sensor  

Koo, Jung-Youn (School of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology)
Shin, Kyung-Wook (School of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering / v.18, no.3, 2014 , pp. 643-650 More about this Journal
Abstract
A hardware implementation of phase calculator for extracting 3D depth image from TOF(Time-Of-Flight) sensor is described. The designed phase calculator adopts redundant binary number systems and a pipelined architecture to improve throughput and speed. It performs arctangent operation using vectoring mode of DCORDIC(Differential COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer) algorithm. Fixed-point MATLAB simulations are carried out to determine the optimal bit-widths and number of iteration. The phase calculator has ben verified by FPGA-in-the-loop verification using MATLAB/Simulink. A test chip has been fabricated using a TSMC $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process, and test results show that the chip functions correctly. It has 82,000 gates and the estimated throughput is 400 MS/s at 400Mhz@1.8V.
Keywords
Depth Image; Phase Calculator; Time-Of-Flight; CORDIC; DCORDIC;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S. Hussmann, T. Ringbeck, and B. Hagebeuker, "A performance review of 3D TOF vision systems in comparison to stereo vision systems," in Stereo Vision. Vienna, Austria: I-Tech Edu. Publ., ch. 7, pp. 103-120, 2008.
2 Y.S. Ho, "3D realistic broadcasting content generation using multi-view camera and depth camera," The journal of Korea Institute of Electronics Engineers, v.38 no.2, pp. 44-49, 2011.
3 Jongenelen, A.P.P., "Development of a Compact, Configurable, Real-time Range Imaging System," Ph.D dissertation. School of Eng. Victoria University of Wellington, 2010.
4 S. Hussmann, T. Edeler, "Pseudo 4-phase shift algorithm for performance enhancement of 3D-TOF vision systems," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1175-1181, May 2010.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 S.B. Gokturk, H. Yalcin, and C. Bamji, "A time-of-flight depth sensor, system description, issues and solutions," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington, DC, 2004.
6 Herbert Dawid, Heinrich Meyr, "The Differential CORDIC Algorithm : Constant Scale Factor Redundant Implementation without Correcting Iterations" Computers, IEEE Transactions, vol.45, Issue 3, 1996.
7 B.Lakshmi and A.S. Dhar, "CORDIC Architectures: A Survey," in Hindawi Publishing Corporation, VLSI Design, Volume 2010, Article ID 794891, 19 pages, 2010.
8 R. Gutierrez, V. Torres, J. Valls, "FPGA-imple- mentation of atan(Y/X) based on logarithmic transformation and LUT-based techniques," Journal of Systems Architecture, volume 56. issue 11, pp. 588-596, 2010.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 M. Saber, Y. Jitsumatsu, T. Kohda, "A low-power implementation of arctangent function for communication application using FPGA," Fourth International Workshop on Signal Design and its Applications in Communications (IWSDA'09), pp. 60-63, 2009.
10 Raphael A. Camponogara Viera, Paulo Cesar C. de Aguirre, Leonardo Londero de Oliveira and Joao Baptista Martins, "Iterative Mode Hardware Implementation of CORDIC Algorithm," in Proceeding of the 26th South Symposium on Microelectronics (SIM 2011), 2011.
11 D.-M. Ross, S. Miller, M. Sima, and C. Crawford, "Design Rules for Implementing CORDIC on FPGAs," in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (Pac Rim 2011). Victoria, B.C., Canada, pp. 797-802, 2011.
12 Jung-youn Koo, Kyung-Wook Shin, "A Design of Highspeed Phase Calculator for 3D Depth Image Extraction from TOF Sensor Data" Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, v.17 no.2, pp. 355-362, 2013.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 J. E. Volder, "The CORDIC trigonometric computing technique," IRE Transactions on Electronic Computing, vol. EC-8, no. 3, pp. 330-334, 1959.   DOI   ScienceOn