Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.2.355

A Design of High-speed Phase Calculator for 3D Depth Image Extraction from TOF Sensor Data  

Koo, Jung-Youn (금오공과대학교 전자공학과)
Shin, Kyung-Wook (금오공과대학교 전자공학부)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering / v.17, no.2, 2013 , pp. 355-362 More about this Journal
Abstract
A hardware implementation of phase calculator for extracting 3D depth image from TOF(Time-Of-Flight) sensor is described. The designed phase calculator, which adopts a pipelined architecture to improve throughput, performs arctangent operation using vectoring mode of CORDIC algorithm. Fixed-point MATLAB modeling and simulations are carried out to determine the optimized bit-widths and number of iteration. The designed phase calculator is verified by FPGA-in-the-loop verification using MATLAB/Simulink, and synthesized with a TSMC 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS cell library. It has 16,000 gates and the estimated throughput is about 9.6 Gbps at 200Mhz@1.8V.
Keywords
Depth Image; Phase Calculator; Time-Of-Flight; TOF; CORDIC;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Jongenelen, A.P.P., Bailey, D.G., Payne, A.D., Carnegie, D.A., Dorrington, A.A., "Efficient FPGA Implementati on on Homodyne-Based Time-of-Flight Range Imaging," Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, Special Issue, 2010.
2 Jongenelen, A.P.P., Carnegie, D.A., Dorrington, A.A., Payne, A.D., "Heterodyne Range Imaging in Real-time," Proceedings of International Conference on Sensing Technology, Tainan, pp. 57-62, 2008.
3 J. E. Volder, "The CORDIC trigonometric computing technique," IRE Transactions on Electronic Computing, vol. EC-8, no. 3, pp. 330-334, 1959.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 R. Gutierrez, V. Torres, J. Valls, "FPGA-implementation of atan(Y/X) based on logarithmic transformation and LUT-based techniques," Journal of Systems Architecture, volume 56. issue 11, pp. 588-596, 2010.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 M. Saber, Y. Jitsumatsu, T. Kohda, "A low- power implementation of arctangent function for communication application using FPGA," Fourth International Workshop on Signal Design and its Applications in Communications (IWSDA'09), pp. 60-63, 2009.
6 B.Lakshmi and A.S. Dhar, "CORDIC Architec- tures: A Survey," in Hindawi Publishing Corporation, VLSI Design, Volume 2010, Article ID 794891, 19 pages, 2010.
7 Richard P. Brent, H.T. Kung, "A Regular Layout for Parallel Adders," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. C-31, no. 3, pp. 260-264, 1982.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Raphael A. Camponogara Viera, Paulo Cesar C. de Aguirre, Leonardo Londero de Oliveira and Joao Baptista Martins, "Iterative Mode Hardware Implementation of CORDIC Algorithm," in Proceeding of the 26th South Symposium on Microelectronics (SIM 2011), 2011.
9 D. Ghai, K. Singh, "Comparative Analysis of Various CORDIC Techniques," M.S dissertation. Department of Electronic and Communications Engineering Thapar University, Patiala-137004, India, 2011.
10 D.-M. Ross, S. Miller, M. Sima, and C. Crawford, "Design Rules for Implementing CORDIC on FPGAs," in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Commu- nications, Computers and Signal Processing (PacRim 2011). Victoria, B.C., Canada, pp. 797-802, 2011.
11 S. Hussmann, T. Ringbeck, and B. Hagebeuker, "A performance review of 3D TOF vision systems in comparison to stereo vision systems," in Stereo Vision. Vienna, Austria: I-Tech Edu. Publ., ch. 7, pp. 103-120, 2008.
12 호요성, "다시점 카메라와 깊이 카메라를 이용한 3 차원 실감방송 콘텐츠 제작,"전자공학회지, 제38권 2호, pp. 44-49, 2011.
13 Jongenelen, A.P.P., "Development of a Compact, Configurable, Real-time Range Imaging System," Ph.D dissertation. School of Eng. Victoria University of Wellington, 2010.
14 S. Hussmann, T. Edeler, "Pseudo 4-phase shift algorithm for performance enhancement of 3D-TOF vision systems," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1175-1181, May 2010.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 S.B. Gokturk, H. Yalcin, and C. Bamji, "A time-of-flight depth sensor, system description, issues and solutions," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington, DC, 2004.